Individuality embedded in the isolation calls of captive beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas).
Individuality embedded in the isolation calls of captive beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas).
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DOI：
10.1186/s40851-015-0028-x
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Miyamoto Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mishima Y;Morisaka T;Itoh M;Matsuo I;Sakaguchi A;Miyamoto Y
具有裂变-融合社会系统的物种倾向于交换个性化的联系电话，以保持群体凝聚力。与其他非人类动物的联系呼叫相比，海豚的签名哨声是独一无二的，因为它们包括独立于声音线索的身份信息。此外，海豚复制同种的签名，并使用它们来标记特定的个体。因此，增加我们对其他具有流动社会结构的鲸目动物的接触叫声的了解，可能有助于我们更好地理解所有形式的个体独特叫声的进化和适应意义。最近有报道称，一种宽带脉冲声音（PS1），而不是哨声，可能作为圈养白鲸的个性化联系呼叫。本研究的目的是评估功能和个人独特的PS1电话在隔离的情况下。记录是从五个圈养白鲸，包括性别和不同年龄。PS1是五个更广泛的声音类别中的主要呼叫类型（总计38%）。1头亚成体和3头成体在PS1中具有个体独特和定型的脉冲重复模式; 1头小牛未显示出明确的定型脉冲重复模式。虽然PS1功率谱的目视检查未发现明显的个体特异性，但统计分析显示时间和光谱参数均具有个体间差异，并且个体间变异性大于个体内变异性。判别函数分析的基础上的5个时间和频谱参数PS1呼叫到个人的总体正确分类率为80.5%，最具信息量的参数是平均脉冲间隔，其次是峰值频率。这些结果表明，白鲸使用单独独特的接触呼吁在隔离的情况下。如果白鲸在PS1呼叫中编码签名信息，就像在海豚中看到的那样，脉冲重复模式可能是载体，因为它是单独定型的，似乎需要发声发展。这一想法得到了平均脉冲间隔是判别分析中最有力的参数的发现的支持。回放实验将阐明哪些参数被感知为个体特征，以及其中一个参数是否用作签名。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s40851-015-0028-x）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Species with fission-fusion social systems tend to exchange individualized contact calls to maintain group cohesion. Signature whistles by bottlenose dolphins are unique compared to the contact calls of other non-human animals in that they include identity information independent of voice cues. Further, dolphins copy the signatures of conspecifics and use them to label specific individuals. Increasing our knowledge of the contact calls of other cetaceans that have a fluid social structure may thus help us better understand the evolutionary and adaptive significance of all forms of individually distinctive calls. It was recently reported that one type of broadband pulsed sounds (PS1), rather than whistles, may function as individualized contact calls in captive belugas. The objective of this study was to assess the function and individual distinctiveness of PS1 calls in an isolation context. Recordings were made from five captive belugas, including both sexes and various ages. PS1 was the predominant call type (38 % in total) out of five broader sound categories. One sub-adult and three adults had individually distinctive and stereotyped pulse repetition pattern in PS1; one calf showed no clear stereotyped pulse repetition pattern. While visual inspection of the PS1 power spectra uncovered no apparent individual specificity, statistical analyses revealed that both temporal and spectral parameters had inter-individual differences and that there was greater inter-individual than intra-individual variability. Discriminant function analysis based on five temporal and spectral parameters classified PS1 calls into individuals with an overall correct classification rate of 80.5 %, and the most informative parameter was the average Inter-pulse interval, followed by peak frequency. These results suggest that belugas use individually distinctive contact calls in an isolation context. If belugas encode signature information in PS1 calls, as seen in bottlenose dolphins, the pulse repetition pattern may be the carrier, as it is individually stereotyped and appears to require vocal development. This idea is supported by the finding that the average inter-pulse interval is the most powerful discriminator in discriminant analysis. Playback experiments will elucidate which parameters are perceived as individual characteristics, and whether one of the parameters functions as a signature. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40851-015-0028-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.