DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONAL POLARITY - GAP-43 DISTINGUISHES AXONAL FROM DENDRITIC GROWTH CONES
DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONAL POLARITY - GAP-43 DISTINGUISHES AXONAL FROM DENDRITIC GROWTH CONES
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DOI：
10.1038/336672a0
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发表时间：
1988-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
BANKER, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GOSLIN, K;SCHREYER, DJ;BANKER, G
不同轴突和树突突起的生长对于神经细胞功能极性的发育是必不可少的。在海马神经元的培养物中，轴突和树突的差异性生长是很容易辨别的，我们已经寻找可能是这两种类型的过程的不同模式的伸长的基础的分子。一种特别令人感兴趣的蛋白质是GAP-43（也称为B-50、F1或P-57），一种神经元特异性的膜相关磷蛋白，其表达在神经元发育和再生期间显著升高1 -7。GAP-43是神经生长锥中最丰富的蛋白质之一8，9，形成推进神经突尖端的能动结构，但其在神经生长中的功能仍不清楚。免疫荧光染色显示GAP-43存在于培养的海马神经元的轴突中，并集中在轴突生长锥中。令人惊讶的是，我们不能检测生长的树突和树突生长锥GAP-43。这些结果表明GAP-43在发育中的神经细胞中被区室化，并提供了轴突和树突生长锥之间重要分子差异的第一个直接证据。GAP-43的分选和选择性运输可能赋予轴突和轴突生长锥某些独特的特性，例如长距离快速生长的能力或它们识别和响应环境中线索的方式。
Outgrowth of distinct axonal and dendritic processes is essential for the development of the functional polarity of nerve cells. In cultures of neurons from the hippocampus, where the differential outgrowth of axons and dendrites is readily discernible, we have sought molecules that might underlie the distinct modes of elongation of these two types of processes. One particularly interesting protein is GAP-43 (also termed B-50, Fl or P-57), a neuron-specific, membrane-associated phosphoprotein whose expression is dramatically elevated during neuronal development and regeneration1–7. GAP-43 is among the most abundant proteins in neuronal growth cones8,9, the motile structures that form the tips of advancing neurites, but its function in neuronal growth remains unknown. Using immunofluorescence staining, we show that GAP-43 is present in axons and concentrated in axonal growth cones of hippocam-pal neurons in culture. Surprisingly, we could not detect GAP-43 in growing dendrites and dendritic growth cones. These results show that GAP-43 is compartmentalized in developing nerve cells and provide the first direct evidence of important molecular differences between axonal and dendritic growth cones. The sorting and selective transport of GAP-43 may give axons and axonal growth cones certain of their distinctive properties, such as the ability to grow rapidly over long distances or the manner in which they recognize and respond to cues in their environment.