Manganese: pharmacokinetics and molecular mechanisms of brain uptake.
Manganese: pharmacokinetics and molecular mechanisms of brain uptake.
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DOI：
10.2165/00139709-200625030-00002
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dorman, David C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aschner, Michael;Dorman, David C
锰是一种必需的矿物质，在几乎所有饮食中含量都很低。摄入锰是人体接触锰的主要途径，尽管吸入也会发生，但主要发生在职业人群中。无论摄入多少，由于体内平衡机制严格调节这种金属的吸收和排泄，动物通常保持稳定的组织锰水平。然而，高剂量暴露与组织锰水平增加有关，造成不利的神经、生殖和呼吸影响。在人类中，锰诱导的神经毒性与运动功能障碍综合征有关，通常被称为锰中毒或帕金森病，这是最受关注的，被认为是最敏感的终点之一。本文重点介绍锰的剂量学，特别关注锰进入中枢神经系统的运输机制。它不打算是一个详尽的审查锰的文献；相反，它的目的是提供一个有用的当代研究的概要，读者可以从中进展到其他研究引文。特别强调了最近发表的关于锰转运体在吸入暴露时的全身锰分布的文献，以及磁共振成像在量化脑锰分布方面的应用。
Manganese is an essential mineral that is found at low levels in virtually all diets. Manganese ingestion represents the principal route of human exposure, although inhalation also occurs, predominantly in occupational cohorts. Regardless of intake, animals generally maintain stable tissue manganese levels as a result of homeostatic mechanisms that tightly regulate the absorption and excretion of this metal. However, high-dose exposures are associated with increased tissue manganese levels, causing adverse neurological, reproductive and respiratory effects. In humans, manganese-induced neurotoxicity is associated with a motor dysfunction syndrome, commonly referred to as manganism or Parkinsonism, which is of paramount concern and is considered to be one of the most sensitive endpoints. This article focuses on the dosimetry of manganese with special focus on transport mechanisms of manganese into the CNS. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the manganese literature; rather it aims to provide a useful synopsis of contemporary studies from which the reader may progress to other research citations as desired. Specific emphasis is directed towards recent published literature on manganese transporters' systemic distribution of manganese upon inhalation exposure as well as the utility of magnetic resonance imaging in quantifying brain manganese distribution.