Anthropogenic emissions of NOx over China: Reconciling the difference of inverse modeling results using GOME-2 and OMI measurements
Anthropogenic emissions of NOx over China: Reconciling the difference of inverse modeling results using GOME-2 and OMI measurements
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DOI：
10.1002/2014jd021644
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发表时间：
2014-06-27
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Boersma, K. Folkert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu, Dasa;Wang, Yuhang;Boersma, K. Folkert
利用卫星观测的NO2柱反演模式已被广泛用于估算中国的氮氧化物（NOx）排放。最近，全球臭氧监测实验-2（GOME-2）和臭氧监测仪器（OMI）几乎每天都在当地时间9：30和13：30左右分别提供横跨赤道的独立全球NO2柱测量结果。人为氮氧化物排放量的估计，应用以前开发的每月反演（MI）或每日反演（DI）的方法，这两套测量显示出很大的差异。我们通过每天依次进行模型模拟、卫星反演和逆模型来改进DI方法。每次反演后，我们更新人为氮氧化物排放量的模型模拟与新获得的后验结果。因此，反演优化的排放量被用来计算先验NO2剖面卫星检索。因此，卫星检索中使用的先验剖面现在与逆建模结果相结合。2011年将改进后的方法应用于GOME-2和OMI NO2的测量。新的每日反演反演（DRI）方法估计的平均NOx排放量为6.9 Tg N/yr在中国，和使用GOME-2和OMI测量之间的差异是0.4 Tg N/yr，这是显着小于1.3 Tg N/yr使用以前的DI方法的差异。使用更一致的DRI反演结果，我们发现冬季和夏季的人为氮氧化物排放往往高于春季（也可能是秋季），并且工作日与周末的排放比往往随着中国氮氧化物排放的增加而增加。
Inverse modeling using satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns has been extensively used to estimate nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in China. Recently, the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) provide independent global NO2 column measurements on a nearly daily basis at around 9: 30 and 13: 30 local time across the equator, respectively. Anthropogenic NOx emission estimates by applying previously developed monthly inversion (MI) or daily inversion (DI) methods to these two sets of measurements show substantial differences. We improve the DI method by conducting model simulation, satellite retrieval, and inverse modeling sequentially on a daily basis. After each inversion, we update anthropogenic NOx emissions in the model simulation with the newly obtained a posteriori results. Consequently, the inversion-optimized emissions are used to compute the a priori NO2 profiles for satellite retrievals. As such, the a priori profiles used in satellite retrievals are now coupled to inverse modeling results. The improved procedure was applied to GOME-2 and OMI NO2 measurements in 2011. The new daily retrieval-inversion (DRI) method estimates an average NOx emission of 6.9 Tg N/yr over China, and the difference between using GOME-2 and OMI measurements is 0.4 Tg N/yr, which is significantly smaller than the difference of 1.3 Tg N/yr using the previous DI method. Using the more consistent DRI inversion results, we find that anthropogenic NOx emissions tend to be higher in winter and summer than spring (and possibly fall) and the weekday-to-weekend emission ratio tends to increase with NOx emission in China.