Gaiatsu and Japan's Foreign Aid: Rethinking theReactive–Proactive Debate
Gaiatsu and Japan's Foreign Aid: Rethinking theReactive–Proactive Debate
复制标题
Gaiatsu 与日本的对外援助：重新思考被动与主动的争论
DOI：
10.1111/0020-8833.00142
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Akitoshi Miyashita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akitoshi Miyashita
本文探讨美国在日本对外援助政策中的作用。日本政府经常在美国的压力下改变其行动方针，即使这样做显然会损害其自身的利益。鉴于日本的实力至少在对外援助领域明显超过美国，日本对美国的偏好做出不同寻常的反应似乎有悖常理。本文认为，日本的应对能力在很大程度上源于两国之间相互依赖的不对称性。在批判性地回顾了现有的文献，它进行了两个案例研究，以检查的有效性的论点。文章的结论是，美国发挥了至关重要的作用，但日本对美国压力的反应反映了一种意志行为，而不是官僚政治导致的缺乏连贯政策。这些发现对正在进行的关于日本是否是“反应型国家”的争论具有重要影响。
This article examines the role of the United States in Japan's foreign aid policy. The Japanese government often alters its course of action under U.S. pressure even if doing so would apparently undermine its own interests. Japan's unusual responsiveness to U.S. preferences appears counterintuitive given the fact that at least in the realm of foreign aid Japan's power clearly surpassed that of the United States. This article posits that Japan's responsiveness stems in large part from the asymmetry of interdependence between the two countries. After critically reviewing the existing literature, it conducts two case studies to examine the validity of the argument. The article concludes that the United States played a crucial role but Japan's responsiveness to American pressure reflects an act of will rather than a lack of coherent policy stemming from bureaucratic politics. The findings have important implications to the ongoing debate over whether Japan is a “reactive state.”