Investigating the benefits and costs of spines and diet on planktonic foraminifera distribution with a trait-based ecosystem model
Investigating the benefits and costs of spines and diet on planktonic foraminifera distribution with a trait-based ecosystem model
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marmicro.2021.102004
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发表时间：
2021-06-02
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Daniela N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grigoratou, Maria;Monteiro, Fanny M.;Schmidt, Daniela N.
浮游有孔虫是现代海洋中重要的钙化物。尽管有孔虫很重要，但有孔虫的测试和装饰(如脊椎)的主要功能尚不清楚。在亚热带少营养环带浮游有孔虫种群中，棘状物种占主导地位，而在较深水域和高纬度地区，非棘状物种占主导地位，这表明在食物有限的地区，脊椎有助于有孔虫的出现。在这里，我们采用一种新的方法来研究脊椎对有孔虫觅食的益处，使用基于0-D特征的生态系统模型。该模型考虑了大小、钙化、脊椎、被动摄食和饮食等特征。我们通过一系列模拟环境来评估脊椎的存在如何影响有孔虫的食物和适合性，这些环境代表了不同温度下的寡头、中层和富营养化环境。我们发现，与其他浮游动物物种相比，非棘状类群需要成为比其他浮游动物物种更具体型通用性的捕食者来维持其种群数量。相比之下，与非棘状物种相比，棘状物种受益于相对较高的表面积/体积比，这使得它们能够像其他浮游动物群体一样具有多面性。与观察结果一致，我们发现在寒冷的环境中，食草动物是最成功的食物，而肉食性动物使有孔虫在温暖的环境中更成功。
Planktonic foraminifera are important calcifiers in the modern ocean. Despite this importance, the main functions of foraminifera's test and ornamentation such as spines are unclear. Spinose species dominate the planktonic foraminifera population in subtropical oligotrophic gyres, while non-spinose species dominate in deeper waters and at high latitudes suggesting that spines help foraminifera in food-limited areas. Here we take a novel approach to investigate the benefits of spines on foraminifera foraging using a 0-D trait-based ecosystem model. The model considers the traits of size, calcification, spines, passive feeding, and diet. We assess how the presence of spines impact foraminifera diet and fitness via a series of simulated environments representing oligo, mesoand eutrophic settings at different temperatures. We find that independent of diet, non-spinose taxa need to be more size-generalist predators than other zooplankton species to maintain their population. In contrast, spinose species benefit from a relatively higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to non-spinose species, which allows them to be as generalist as other zooplankton groups. In agreement with observations, we find that herbivory is the most successful diet in cold environments, while carnivory allows foraminifera to be more successful in warm environments.