Types of Latin American Peasantry: A Preliminary Discussion
Types of Latin American Peasantry: A Preliminary Discussion
复制标题
拉丁美洲农民的类型：初步讨论
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1955
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Wolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Wolf
人类学越来越关注现代社会的研究，人类学家越来越关注农民的社会文化特征。本文的目的是为拉丁美洲的农民群体绘制一个初步的类型学，作为进一步的实地工作和讨论的基础。这样的类型学必然会提出更多的问题，而不是目前可以轻易回答的。迄今为止，在拉丁美洲工作的人类学家主要研究具有“印第安”文化的群体，现有的人类学文献反映了这一主要兴趣。从主要基于文化内容特征的类型学到基于结构相似性或差异性的类型学，任何对研究方向的重新定位都具有任何一个作家都无法科普的影响。因此，本条是临时性的，其内容完全可以讨论。最近有几次试图在原始人和农民之间划清界限。例如，雷德菲尔德曾用下列文字讨论过这种区别（1953：31）：
A S ANTHROPOLOGY has become increasingly concerned with the study of modern communities, anthropologists have paid increasing attention to the social and cultural characteristics of the peasantry. It will be the purpose of this article to draw up a tentative typology of peasant groups for Latin America, as a basis for further field work and discussion. Such a typology will of necessity raise more questions than can be answered easily at the present time. To date, anthropologists working in Latin America have dealt mainly with groups with "Indian" cultures, and available anthropological literature reflects this major interest. Any projected reorientation of inquiry from typologies based mainly on characteristics of culture content to typologies based on similarities or dissimilarities of structure has implications with which no single writer could expect to cope. This article is therefore provisional in character, and its statements wholly open to discussion. There have been several recent attempts to draw a line between primitives and peasants. Redfield, for example, has discussed the distinction in the following words (1953:31):