Looking into the past - the reaction of three grouse species to climate change over the last million years using whole genome sequences
Looking into the past - the reaction of three grouse species to climate change over the last million years using whole genome sequences
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13496
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hoglund, Jacob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kozma, Radoslav;Melsted, Pall;Hoglund, Jacob
追踪过去的种群波动可以洞察当前物种内存在的遗传变异水平。在更大的时间尺度上分析种群动态可以与已知的气候变化相一致，以确定物种对不同环境的反应。在这里，我们应用两两序列马尔科夫合并(PSMC)模型来推断三种分布广泛的松鸡：黑松鸡、柳鸡和松鸡的过去种群动态。这使得能够跟踪所有三个物种超过1Mya的有效种群数量(N-e)，揭示出(I)更新世早期的降温(类似于2.5Mya)导致柳鸡和岩松鸡种群的增加，(Ii)布伦斯中期事件(类似于430kya)及其之后的气候振荡降低了柳鸡和岩松鸡的N-e，但增加了黑松鸡的N-e，以及(Iii)这三个物种对上一次冰期最大(LGM)的反应不同--在此之前，黑松鸡数量增加，岩鸡经历了严重的瓶颈，柳鸡保持在较大的种群规模。我们假设在整个LGM期间变化的PSMC信号仅描述了该物种的本地历史。然而，柳鸡和松鸡的种群数量波动很大，表明这两个物种都是机会主义的繁殖者，而黑松鸡对气候变化的反应较慢，并保持在较低的N-E。我们的结果突显了PSMC方法在研究物种在遥远的过去对气候变化的反应方面的有效性，但在对最近的过去得出一般性结论时也应该谨慎。
Tracking past population fluctuations can give insight into current levels of genetic variation present within species. Analysing population dynamics over larger timescales can be aligned to known climatic changes to determine the response of species to varying environments. Here, we applied the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (psmc) model to infer past population dynamics of three widespread grouse species; black grouse, willow grouse and rock ptarmigan. This allowed the tracking of the effective population size (N-e) of all three species beyond 1 Mya, revealing that (i) early Pleistocene cooling (similar to 2.5Mya) caused an increase in the willow grouse and rock ptarmigan populations, (ii) the mid-Brunhes event (similar to 430kya) and following climatic oscillations decreased the N-e of willow grouse and rock ptarmigan, but increased the N-e of black grouse and (iii) all three species reacted differently to the last glacial maximum (LGM) - black grouse increased prior to it, rock ptarmigan experienced a severe bottleneck and willow grouse was maintained at large population size. We postulate that the varying psmc signal throughout the LGM depicts only the local history of the species. Nevertheless, the large population fluctuations in willow grouse and rock ptarmigan indicate that both species are opportunistic breeders while black grouse tracks the climatic changes more slowly and is maintained at lower N-e. Our results highlight the usefulness of the psmc approach in investigating species' reaction to climate change in the deep past, but also that caution should be taken in drawing general conclusions about the recent past.