Feeding 9 billion by 2050-Putting fish back on the menu
Feeding 9 billion by 2050-Putting fish back on the menu
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-015-0427-z
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Williams, Meryl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bene, Christophe;Barange, Manuel;Williams, Meryl
水产品为超过45亿人提供了人均动物蛋白摄入量的至少15%。鱼的独特营养特性使其对发达国家和发展中国家数十亿消费者的健康也是必不可少的。鱼类是将饲料转化为高质量食物的最有效的转化器之一，与其他动物生产系统相比，其碳足迹较低。通过与鱼类有关的活动(渔业和水产养殖，但也包括加工和贸易)，水产品对收入和间接粮食安全的贡献很大，超过10%的世界人口，主要是在发展中国家和新兴国家。然而，到目前为止，在国家一级的粮食安全和营养战略以及更广泛的发展讨论和干预措施中，对鱼类这一关键要素的关注有限。因此，加强渔业和水产养殖部门所体现的改善粮食安全和营养的巨大潜力被忽视了。这份文件的目的是提出将鱼类更紧密地纳入关于食品安全和营养的总体辩论和未来政策的理由。为此，我们回顾了当前和正在出现的关于渔业和水产养殖的辩论和争议的证据，并结合更广泛的农业/农业文献中辩论的问题进行了讨论。支撑这篇论文的首要问题是：在2050年及以后，鱼类将如何以及在多大程度上能够为养活90亿人做出贡献？
Fish provides more than 4.5 billion people with at least 15 % of their average per capita intake of animal protein. Fish's unique nutritional properties make it also essential to the health of billions of consumers in both developed and developing countries. Fish is one of the most efficient converters of feed into high quality food and its carbon footprint is lower compared to other animal production systems. Through fish-related activities (fisheries and aquaculture but also processing and trading), fish contribute substantially to the income and therefore to the indirect food security of more than 10 % of the world population, essentially in developing and emergent countries. Yet, limited attention has been given so far to fish as a key element in food security and nutrition strategies at national level and in wider development discussions and interventions. As a result, the tremendous potential for improving food security and nutrition embodied in the strengthening of the fishery and aquaculture sectors is missed. The purpose of this paper is to make a case for a closer integration of fish into the overall debate and future policy about food security and nutrition. For this, we review the evidence from the contemporary and emerging debates and controversies around fisheries and aquaculture and we discuss them in the light of the issues debated in the wider agriculture/farming literature. The overarching question that underlies this paper is: how and to what extent will fish be able to contribute to feeding 9 billion people in 2050 and beyond?.