Feeding ecology of short-tailed shearwaters: breeding in Tasmania and foraging in the Antarctic?
Feeding ecology of short-tailed shearwaters: breeding in Tasmania and foraging in the Antarctic?
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短尾海鸥的摄食生态：塔斯马尼亚繁殖和南极觅食？
DOI：
10.3354/meps167261
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Y. Cherel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Weimerskirch;Y. Cherel
本文对塔斯马尼亚岛短尾鹱的食物、摄食和觅食生理生态进行了研究，以确定该物种是否可以依靠南极食物孵出雏鸟。研究发现，海鸟的父母采用了双重觅食策略，平均连续两次在海上进行1至2天的短途旅行，然后进行一次9至17天的长途旅行。这些长途觅食周期是有记录以来最长的海鸟。在短途旅行中，父母往往会失去体重，用在塔斯马尼亚附近沿海和浅海水域捕获的澳大利亚磷虾和幼鱼喂养雏鸟。猎物被捕获的最大潜水深度平均为13米（最大30米）。在长途旅行中，成鸟体重增加，用富含胃油和消化食物的混合物喂养幼鸟，这些食物由多种多样的猎物组成，包括嗜菌鱼、亚南极磷虾和鱿鱼。猎物可能主要在塔斯马尼亚以南至少1000公里的极地锋区捕获，平均最大深度为58米（最大71米）。在遥远的南部水域进行长时间的觅食，其产量至少是近水域的两倍，但前者的产量随着觅食时间的增加而下降，这表明觅食时间与成虫身体状况呈负相关关系。决定是在近水域还是远水域觅食，似乎是由它们的身体状况决定的：它们的身体状况是由它们的身体状况决定的——它们的身体状况是由它们的身体状况决定的——它们的身体状况是由它们的身体状况决定的。父母良好的身体状况与高的催乳素水平有关：身体状况较差的鸟类投资于身体储备的恢复，并前往极地锋区或南极水域的富饶地区，而身体状况良好的鸟类继续为雏鸟提供在塔斯马尼亚水域捕获的食物，并使用他们的身体储备。因此，该物种利用了两种不同的水域。养育ch - ck - 15的大部分能量预算是由在富饶的南方水域捕获的猎物来平衡的，在那里，它们建立了身体储备，并为幼鸟提供了所需的大部分能量。然而，附近的浅水对繁殖策略很重要，因为它们可以增加雏鸟的能量流。在像短尾鹱这样数量众多的物种中，这种双重策略在限制沿海和浅水区的竞争方面具有优势，因为任何时候只有17%的鸟类在那里觅食。讨论了自然环境和能量约束对供给策略演化的影响。
The food, feedlng and physiological ecology of foraging were studied in the short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenujrostris of Tasmania, to establish whether this species can rely on Antarctic food to fledge its chick. Parents were found to use a 2-fold foraging strategy, on average performing 2 successive short trips at sea of 1 to 2 d duration followed by 1 long trip of 9 to 17 d. These long foraging tnps are the longest yet recorded for any seabird. During short trips the parents tend to lose mass, feeding the chick with Australian krill and fish larvae caught in coastal and neritic waters around Tasmania. The prey are caught at maximum diving depths of 13 m on average (maximum 30 m). During long trips, adults gain mass and feed their chlcks with a very rich mixture of stomach oil and digested food composed of a high diversity of prey including myctophid fish, sub-Antarctic krill and squids. Prey are probably caught mainly in the Polar Frontal Zone, at least 1000 km south of Tasmania, at maximum depths of 58 m on average (maximum 71 m). Long foraging trips in distant southern waters gave at least twice the yield of trips in close waters but during the former, yield decreased with the time spent foraging, as indicated by the inverse relationship between time spent forag~ng and adult body condition. Decisions whether to forage in close or distant waters appear to be determined by the body condition of :he paieiits iclthei i i ~ a ~ ~ by ihdi oi ihe C ~ ~ C K . Good body condition of parents was associated with high blood prolactin levels: birds in poor body condition invested in the restoration of body reserves and went to the rich area of the Polar Frontal Zone or to Antarctic waters, whereas those in good condition continued to provision the chick with food caught in Tasmanian waters and use their body reserves. The species thus exploits 2 water masses that differ in profitability. Most of the energy budget for rearing the ch~ck 1s balanced by prey caught in rich southern waters where the birds build up their body reserves and find most of the energy needed by the chick. However, nearby shallow waters are important for the breeding strategy as they allow an increased rate of energy flow to the chick. In a species as abundant as the short-tailed shearwater, the 2-fold strategy has the advantage of limiting competition in coastal and shallow waters, as at any one time only 17 % of birds are feeding there. The influence of the manne environment and energetic constra~nts on the evolution of provisioning strategies is discussed.