The Efferent Vestibular System
The Efferent Vestibular System
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-7070-1_6
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goldberg, Jay M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holt, Joseph C.;Lysakowski, Anna;Goldberg, Jay M.
与大多数毛细胞器官一样，前庭迷路接受双重神经支配。传入神经纤维来自前庭（斯卡帕）神经节中的双极细胞。每个神经节细胞的外周突从几个离散器官中的一个中的毛细胞获得突触输入，其中央突将编码在动作电位间隔中的所得信息传递到前庭核和小脑。此外，毛细胞和传入神经末梢由起源于脑干并通过前庭神经到达外周的传出纤维支配。本章回顾了我们对传出前庭系统（EVS）的理解，包括其神经解剖学组织，候选神经递质，EVS通路的电刺激所揭示的传入放电的外周作用，以及潜在的细胞（突触）和神经递质机制。考虑EVS的可能功能，本章然后描述了传出神经元携带的前庭和非前庭信号，以及这些信号如何修改传入神经元携带的信息。虽然我们的重点是在哺乳动物的EVS，在非哺乳动物物种的结果也被认为是，因为这些传出功能的见解。
As is the case with most hair-cell organs, the vestibular labyrinth receives a dual innervation. Afferent nerve fibers arise from bipolar cells in the vestibular (Scarpa’s) ganglion. The peripheral process of each ganglion cell gets synaptic inputs from hair cells in one of several discrete organs, and its central process conveys the resulting information, encoded in the spacing of action potentials, to the vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum. In addition, hair cells and afferent nerve terminals are innervated by efferent fibers originating in the brain stem and reaching the periphery by way of the vestibular nerve. This chapter reviews our understanding of the efferent vestibular system (EVS), including its neuroanatomical organization, candidate neurotransmitters, peripheral actions on afferent discharge as revealed by electrical stimulation of EVS pathways, and the underlying cellular (synaptic) and neurotransmitter mechanisms. To consider possible functions of the EVS, the chapter then describes the vestibular and nonvestibular signals carried by efferent neurons and how these signals might modify the information carried by afferents. Though our emphasis is on the mammalian EVS, results in nonmammalian species are also considered, as these provide insights into efferent function.