Mixed-host aggregations and helminth parasite sharing in an East African wildlife-livestock system
Mixed-host aggregations and helminth parasite sharing in an East African wildlife-livestock system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.015
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发表时间：
2014-09-15
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Obanda, Vincent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
VanderWaal, Kimberly;Omondi, George Paul;Obanda, Vincent
在牲畜和野生动物之间传播的寄生虫感染对野生动物保护工作构成了重大风险，并限制了世界热带地区的牲畜生产力。胃肠道蠕虫是最普遍的寄生虫之一，该分类群中的许多寄生虫很容易感染广泛的宿主物种。影响寄生虫在野生动物-家畜系统中双向传播的因素尚未得到充分研究。在这项研究中，我们调查了东非野生和家养有蹄类动物群落中蠕虫感染的流行率和多样性。我们还根据共享的寄生虫分类群确定了可能在其之间传播的寄主物种对，并探索了多宿主聚集在塑造寄生虫共享模式中的作用。检出的蠕虫类群包括毛线虫、鞭虫、副血吸虫、斯氏线虫、类圆线虫、类圆线虫和其他类线虫。我们发现，近50%的个体至少藏有一种蠕虫，但某些物种，如斑马和黑斑羚，表现出比其他物种更高的流行率。高冠层食性动物，如长颈鹿，其患病率低于在中低觅食高度取食的寄主。对于蠕虫来说，寄生虫共享的模式可能来自共享空间的使用，这在一定程度上是通过混合物种的聚集来调节的。寄主物种在混合物种聚集中结合在一起的频率与共享的寄生类群数量呈正相关。我们认为，不同物种之间形成混合物种聚集体的倾向的差异造成了传播机会的异质性，从而导致寄生虫在有蹄类物种之间共享。这些结果加深了我们对寄主物种之间的时空关系在野生动物-牲畜混合放牧系统中寄生虫群落形成中的作用的理解。(C)2014爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Parasitic infections transmitted between livestock and wildlife pose a significant risk to wildlife conservation efforts and constrain livestock productivity in tropical regions of the world. Gastrointestinal helminths are among the most ubiquitous parasites, and many parasites within this taxon can readily infect a wide range of host species. Factors shaping bidirectional transmission of parasites in wildlife-livestock systems are understudied. In this study, we investigate the prevalence and diversity of helminth infections in an East African community of wild and domestic ungulates. We also identify pairs of host species between which transmission may be possible based on shared parasite taxa, and explore the role of multi-host aggregations in shaping patterns of parasite sharing. Helminth taxa detected included Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, Paramphistomum, Skrjabinema, Strongyloides, Strongylus spp., and other strongyle-type nematodes. We found that nearly 50% of individuals harbored at least one species of helminth, but certain species, such as zebra and impala, exhibited higher prevalence than others. High canopy feeders, like giraffe, had lower prevalence than hosts feeding at medium and low foraging heights. For helminths, patterns of parasite sharing likely emerge from shared space use, which is mediated in part by mixed-species aggregations. The frequency with which host species associated together in mixed-species aggregations was positively correlated with the number of parasite-taxa shared. We suggest that variation among species in their tendency to form mixed-species aggregations creates heterogeneity in transmission opportunities, and consequently, parasite sharing across ungulate species. These results enhance our understanding of the role of spatiotemporal relationships among host species in shaping parasite communities in mixed wildlife-livestock grazing systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.