Using intra-flock association patterns to understand why birds participate in mixed-species foraging flocks in terrestrial habitats
Using intra-flock association patterns to understand why birds participate in mixed-species foraging flocks in terrestrial habitats
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使用鸟群内关联模式来理解为什么鸟类参与陆地栖息地的混合物种觅食鸟群
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
K. Shanker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Sridhar;K. Shanker
鸟类被假设加入混合种群（群），无论是直接觅食或抗捕食相关的利益。在这项研究中，在印度西高止山脉的热带万年青森林进行，我们使用内羊群协会模式，以产生一个社区范围内的评估不同物种的羊群效益。我们假设，个人需要在物理上接近特定的异种个体内的羊群，以获得任何直接觅食的好处（冲洗猎物，kleptoparasitism，复制觅食的位置）。或者，对于抗捕食益处，不需要物理接近特定的异种，即仅仅在群附近就足够了。因此，我们使用选择的位置内的羊群，以推断是否个别物种获得直接觅食或抗捕食的好处。鸟类群落的一个小的子集（5/29种），组成的所有成员的sallying公会，表现出非随机的物理接近的异种内羊群。所有首选的联营公司从非sallying公会，这表明sallying物种可能获得直接觅食的好处，无论是在冲洗或kleptoparasitized猎物的形式。大多数的物种（24/29）选择的位置随机相对于集群内的异种，因此，很可能获得抗捕食的好处。总之，我们的研究表明，直接觅食的好处是很重要的，只有一小部分的物种在羊群和捕食很可能是主要的驱动程序的群集为大多数参与者。除了我们的发现，我们的研究提供了方法上的进步，可能有助于理解单一和多个物种的社会群体中的不对称相互作用。
Bird species are hypothesized to join mixed-species flocks (flocks hereon) either for direct foraging or anti-predation-related benefits. In this study, conducted in a tropical evergreen forest in the Western Ghats of India, we used intra-flock association patterns to generate a community-wide assessment of flocking benefits for different species. We assumed that individuals needed to be physically proximate to particular heterospecific individuals within flocks to obtain any direct foraging benefit (flushed prey, kleptoparasitism, copying foraging locations). Alternatively, for anti-predation benefits, physical proximity to particular heterospecifics is not required, i.e. just being in the flock vicinity can suffice. Therefore, we used choice of locations within flocks to infer whether individual species are obtaining direct foraging or anti-predation benefits. A small subset of the bird community (5/29 species), composed of all members of the sallying guild, showed non-random physical proximity to heterospecifics within flocks. All preferred associates were from non-sallying guilds, suggesting that the sallying species were likely obtaining direct foraging benefits either in the form of flushed or kleptoparasitized prey. The majority of the species (24/29) chose locations randomly with respect to heterospecifics within flocks and, thus, were likely obtaining antipredation benefits. In summary, our study indicates that direct foraging benefits are important for only a small proportion of species in flocks and that predation is likely to be the main driver of flocking for most participants. Our findings apart, our study provides methodological advances that might be useful in understanding asymmetric interactions in social groups of single and multiple species.