Immunogenetics, gender, and longevity
Immunogenetics, gender, and longevity
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1386.051
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Caruso, Calogero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Candore, Giuseppina;Balistreri, Carmela R.;Caruso, Calogero
在这篇文章中，我们讨论了衰老，长寿和性别的相关数据，特别关注炎症基因多态性，这些基因多态性可能会影响个体达到人类生命极限的机会。本综述不是对文献的广泛修订，而是基于作者实验室选定数据的专家意见。2000-2005年，在较发达区域，男性出生时预期寿命为71.9岁（日本为78.3岁），女性为79.3岁（日本为86.3岁）。事实上，性别是各种与年龄有关的疾病流行率的重要差异。考虑到年龄很大的人，人口统计数据显示，与男性相比，女性的患病率明显高于男性，这表明在老龄化过程中，性别特异性死亡率遵循不同的轨迹。在意大利，这一女性/男性比例相对较低（约为5/1;在其他发达国家，女性/男性比例通常为5-6：1），但意大利各地区百岁老人的性别分布存在显著差异-从南方的2名女性/男性到北方某些地区的8名以上。因此，一个复杂的环境，历史和遗传因素的相互作用，不同的特点意大利的各个部分，可能发挥重要作用，在确定实现长寿的性别特异性概率。这可能是由于意大利社会在过去100年中的性别文化和人类学特征。在促炎状态下，与促炎相关的免疫炎症因子增加，并且pro/pro基因变异的频率也显示出性别差异。有一些建议，人们遗传倾向于弱炎症活动可能会降低患冠心病（CHD）的机会，因此，如果他们一生中避免严重危及生命的传染病，可能会获得更长的寿命。因此，病原体负荷，通过与宿主基因型相互作用，可以决定负责促炎状态和CHD的免疫炎症反应的类型和强度。这些发现指出了炎症遗传学、成功衰老和心血管疾病控制之间的密切关系，但似乎表明男性的证据要强得多。这些研究的重要性在于，一半人口（男性）的寿命比另一半（女性）短约10%。了解男性和女性似乎遵循不同的策略来实现长寿可能有助于我们更好地理解衰老的基本现象，并使我们能够寻找安全的方法来增加男性寿命。
In this article we discuss relevant data on aging, longevity, and gender with particular focus on inflammation gene polymorphisms which could affect an individual's chance to reach the extreme limit of human life. The present review is not an extensive revision of the literature, but rather an expert opinion based on selected data from the authors' laboratories. In 2000-2005 in the more developed regions, the life expectancy at birth is 71.9 years for men (78.3 in Japan) and 79.3 years for women (86.3 in Japan). Indeed, gender accounts for important differences in the prevalence of a variety of age-related diseases. Considering people of far-advanced age, demographic data document a clear-cut prevalence of females compared to males, suggesting that sex-specific mortality rates follow different trajectories during aging. In Italy this female/male ratio is relatively lower (about 5/1; F/M ratios are usually 5-6:1 in other developed countries), but significant differences have been observed between Italian regions in the distribution of centenarians by gender-from two women per man in the South to more than eight in certain regions in the North. Thus, a complex interaction of environmental, historical, and genetic factors, differently characterizing the various parts of Italy, likely plays an important role in determining the gender-specific probability of achieving longevity. This can be due to gender-specific cultural and anthropological characteristics of Italian society in the last 100 years. Age-related immunoinflammatory factors increase during proinflammatory status, and the frequency of pro/antiinflammatory gene variants also show gender differences. There is some suggestion that people genetically predisposed to weak inflammatory activity may be at reduced chance of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and, therefore, may achieve longer lifespan if they avoid serious life-threatening infectious disease thoroughout life. Thus, the pathogen burden, by interacting with host genotype, could determine the type and intensity of the immune-inflammatory response responsible for both proinflammatory status and CHD. These findings point to a strong relationship between the genetics of inflammation, successful aging, and the control of cardiovascular disease, but seem to suggest that the evidence for men is much stronger. The importance of these studies lies in the fact that half of the population (males) lives approximately 10% shorter lives than the other half (females). Understanding the different strategies that men and women seem to follow to achieve longevity may help us to comprehend better the basic phenomenon of aging and allow us to search for safe ways to increase male lifespan.