Is recursive "mindreading" really an exception to limitations on recursive thinking?
Is recursive "mindreading" really an exception to limitations on recursive thinking?
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递归“读心术”真的是递归思维限制的例外吗？
DOI：
10.1037/xge0001322
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wilson R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wilson R
递归思维的能力--例如，通过思考人1所想的人2所想的人3所想的--是递归思维的一个最好的例子，在这种思维中，一个过程、表征或想法嵌入到一个类似的过程、表征或想法中。也有人认为读心术是一个例外，读心术通常有五个递归步骤，而其他领域只有一两个。然而，现有的递归读心术任务的概念分析表明，关于异常读心术的结论是不安全的。修订后的任务被设计为提供一个更严格的测试递归读心能力。研究1（N= 76）发现，与原始任务（80%正确率）相比，在第5级递归读心的修订任务（17%正确率）上的表现显着更差，并且适度的财务奖金对良好的表现没有影响。研究2（N= 74）在没有奖金的情况下，在第5级递归读心术的修订任务（15%正确）中复制了较差的表现，但当参与者获得准确性的巨额奖金时，发现表现更好（45%正确），鼓励他们根据需要花费尽可能多的时间，并辅助递归推理策略。这些发现表明，就像其他领域的递归思维一样，递归读心是费力且有限的。我们讨论了如何建议的作用，高层次的递归读心术在通信，文化和文学可能会与这些限制。
The ability to mindread recursively—for example, by thinking what person 1 thinks person 2 thinks person 3 thinks—is a prime example of recursive thinking in which one process, representation, or idea becomes embedded within a similar one. It has also been suggested that mindreading is an exceptional example, with five recursive steps commonly observed for mindreading, in comparison with just one or two in other domains. However, conceptual analysis of existing recursive mindreading tasks suggests that conclusions about exceptional mindreading are insecure. Revised tasks were devised to provide a more rigorous test of recursive mindreading capacity. Study 1 (N= 76) found significantly worse performance at level-5 recursive mindreading on the revised tasks (17% correct) compared with the original tasks (80% correct), and no effect of moderate financial bonuses for good performance. Study 2 (N= 74) replicated poor performance at level-5 recursive mindreading on the revised tasks (15% correct) in the absence of bonuses, but found better performance (45% correct) when participants were offered large bonuses for accuracy, encouraged to take as much time as needed, and assisted with a strategy for recursive reasoning. These findings suggest that, like recursive thinking in other domains, recursive mindreading is effortful and limited. We discuss how the proposed role for high levels of recursive mindreading in communication, culture, and literature might be reconciled with these limitations.