Cells exploit a phase transition to mechanically remodel the fibrous extracellular matrix
Cells exploit a phase transition to mechanically remodel the fibrous extracellular matrix
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2020.0823
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发表时间：
2021-02-17
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ravichandran, Guruswami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grekas, Georgios;Proestaki, Maria;Ravichandran, Guruswami
通过机械力，生物细胞重塑周围的胶原蛋白网络，产生惊人的变形模式。细胞间形成高密度的纤维束和纤维束，细胞簇中有较细的条带。虽然系绳促进细胞迁移和通信，但它们如何形成尚不清楚。结合建模，模拟和实验，我们表明，系绳的形成是致密化的相变的细胞外基质，引起的屈曲不稳定的网络纤维下细胞诱导的压缩，具有意想不到的相似性与马氏体显微结构。多尺度平均产生一个两阶段，连续的能量景观纤维胶原蛋白，与致密化/对齐的第二阶段。模拟预测未致密化和致密化相之间的应变不连续性，其如实验观察到的那样局限于系链内。在我们的实验中，活性粒子诱导了与细胞相似的局部模式。这显示了细胞如何利用不稳定性来简单地通过收缩机械地重塑细胞外基质，从而促进机械感应、侵袭和转移。
Through mechanical forces, biological cells remodel the surrounding collagen network, generating striking deformation patterns. Tethers-tracts of high densification and fibre alignment-form between cells, thinner bands emanate from cell clusters. While tethers facilitate cell migration and communication, how they form is unclear. Combining modelling, simulation and experiment, we show that tether formation is a densification phase transition of the extracellular matrix, caused by buckling instability of network fibres under cell-induced compression, featuring unexpected similarities with martensitic microstructures. Multiscale averaging yields a two-phase, bistable continuum energy landscape for fibrous collagen, with a densified/aligned second phase. Simulations predict strain discontinuities between the undensified and densified phase, which localizes within tethers as experimentally observed. In our experiments, active particles induce similar localized patterns as cells. This shows how cells exploit an instability to mechanically remodel the extracellular matrix simply by contracting, thereby facilitating mechanosensing, invasion and metastasis.