Complex plant-soil interactions enhance plant species diversity by delaying community convergence
Complex plant-soil interactions enhance plant species diversity by delaying community convergence
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12048
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Nakajima, Mifuyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fukami, Tadashi;Nakajima, Mifuyu
1. 引起土壤生物群特定变化的植物可能对随后在该地点生长的植物的性能产生积极或消极的影响。这些效应被称为植物-土壤反馈，可以在多个空间尺度上影响植物物种多样性。据推测，积极的植物-土壤反馈通过允许早期到达物种的优势而降低了α（局部）多样性，但通过出现替代稳定状态而促进群落分化（增加β多样性），从而增加了γ（区域）多样性。相反，植物-土壤负反馈被认为通过允许本地物种共存来增加α多样性，但通过促进群落趋同来减少γ多样性（减少β多样性）。尽管这些假设被广泛接受，但它们没有考虑到植物物种通过土壤生物群对特定其他物种的影响和反应存在差异的可能性。在现实中，植物与土壤的相互作用是复杂的，相互作用的强度在植物物种之间是可变的。利用植物群落组合的基本模拟模型，研究了演替过程中复杂的植物-土壤相互作用对植物多样性的影响。当我们在模型中只包括正或负的种内植物-土壤反馈，而种间植物-土壤相互作用的强度没有变化时，结果与传统假设一致。当我们允许不同物种之间植物-土壤相互作用的强度不同时，植物-土壤相互作用最初增强了α多样性，随后增强了β和γ多样性。多样性增强的发生并不一定是因为出现了其他稳定状态，而主要是因为复杂的植物-土壤相互作用延长了当地物种组成变化的时间。由于物种组成变化的时间较长，尽管群落最终趋于收敛，但演替早期的β和γ多样性仍能长期保持较高水平。因此，多样性的增强虽然是持久的，但往往是短暂的，这使得可选择稳定状态的传统概念不足以解释多样性。合成。基于这些发现，我们提出了一个新的假设，即复杂的植物-土壤相互作用通过延缓群落收敛来增强植物物种多样性。这一假设强调了植物-土壤相互作用作为群落聚集的长期瞬态动态驱动因素的作用。
1. A plant that causes specific changes to soil biota may either positively or negatively affect the performance of the plant that subsequently grows in that location. These effects, known as plant-soil feedback, can affect plant species diversity at multiple spatial scales.2. It has been hypothesized that positive plant-soil feedback reduces alpha (local) diversity by allowing dominance by early-arriving species, but increases gamma (regional) diversity by promoting community divergence (increased beta diversity) through the emergence of alternative stable states. In contrast, negative plant-soil feedback has been thought to increase alpha diversity by allowing local species coexistence, but to reduce gamma diversity by promoting community convergence (reduced beta diversity). Although widely accepted, these hypotheses do not consider the possibility that plant species differ in their effect on, and their response to, a given other species via soil biota. In reality, plant-soil interactions can be complex, with the strength of the interactions variable between plant species. Using a basic simulation model of plant community assembly, we investigated how complex plant-soil interactions might affect plant diversity during succession.3. When we included only positive or negative intraspecific plant-soil feedback in the model, with no variation in the strength of interspecific plant-soil interactions, results were consistent with the conventional hypotheses. When we allowed the strength of plant-soil interactions to differ between species, plant-soil interactions enhanced alpha diversity initially and beta and gamma diversity subsequently. Diversity enhancement occurred not necessarily because alternative stable states emerged, but primarily because complex plant-soil interactions lengthened the time during which local species composition changed. Due to the longer time for changes in species composition, the high level of beta and gamma diversity at the early stage of succession was maintained for a long time despite eventual community convergence. Thus, diversity enhancement was often transient, though long-lasting, making the conventional concept of alternative stable states inadequate for explaining diversity.4. Synthesis. Based on these findings, we propose the new hypothesis that complex plant-soil interactions enhance plant species diversity by delaying community convergence. This hypothesis highlights the role of plant-soil interactions as a driver of long-lasting transient dynamics of community assembly.