Evaluation of Microalgae as Immunostimulants and Recombinant Vaccines for Diseases Prevention and Control in Aquaculture.
Evaluation of Microalgae as Immunostimulants and Recombinant Vaccines for Diseases Prevention and Control in Aquaculture.
复制标题
微藻作为免疫增强剂和重组疫苗用于水产养殖疾病预防和控制的评价
DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2020.590431
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Fan J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma K;Bao Q;Wu Y;Chen S;Zhao S;Wu H;Fan J
微藻经常被用作水生动物的营养补充剂，在水产养殖业中被广泛使用，为许多水生动物提供直接或间接的营养。微藻在自然界中含量丰富，营养价值高，其中一些无毒，富含抗氧化剂，可以作为人或动物的药物载体进行开发。天然野生型微藻可以作为免疫刺激剂来增强非特异性免疫反应，改善生长性能，其中雨生红球藻、钝顶节旋藻和小球藻是其中的一种。都是常用的。目前，水产养殖业已有一些利用微藻研制口服疫苗的成功案例。研究人员通常开发基于莱茵衣藻、杜氏盐藻和蓝藻的重组疫苗。其中，在真核微藻的遗传修饰中，有很多例子都是在叶绿体中表达抗原基因。它们都用于单一传染病的预防和控制，其中大部分对对虾病毒感染具有抵抗力。然而，仍然没有针对多菌感染的有效战略，也几乎没有商业疫苗可用。虽然有几种微藻在水产养殖业中得到了广泛的开发，但其中许多还没有建立起有效和成熟的遗传操作系统。本文对上述问题进行了系统的分析和探讨，为今后高效微藻重组口服疫苗的发展提供思路。
Microalgae are often used as nutritional supplements for aquatic animals and are widely used in the aquaculture industry, providing direct or indirect nutrients for many aquatic animals. Microalgae are abundant in nature, of high nutritional value, and some of them are non-toxic and rich in antioxidants so that they can be explored as a medicinal carrier for human or animals. Natural wild-type microalgae can be adopted as an immunostimulant to enhance non-specific immune response and improve growth performance, among which Haematococcus pluvialis, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, and Chlorella spp. are commonly used. At present, there have been some successful cases of using microalgae to develop oral vaccines in the aquaculture industry. Researchers usually develop recombinant vaccines based on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella salina, and cyanobacteria. Among them, in the genetic modification of eukaryotic microalgae, many examples are expressing antigen genes in chloroplasts. They are all used for the prevention and control of single infectious diseases and most of them are resistant to shrimp virus infection. However, there is still no effective strategy targeting polymicrobial infections and few commercial vaccines are available. Although several species of microalgae are widely developed in the aquaculture industry, many of them have not yet established an effective and mature genetic manipulation system. This article systematically analyzes and discusses the above problems to provide ideas for the future development of highly effective microalgae recombinant oral vaccines.