A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands
A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands
复制标题
评估对非潮汐湿地水文累积影响的概念框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. C. Winter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. C. Winter
湿地存在于地质和水文环境中，可以促进水的积累或保持。区域坡度、局部地形和地表渗透性是地表水源形成湿地的主要控制因素。然而，这些景观特征也对地下水流系统有重要的控制作用，而地下水流系统通常在湿地的形成中发挥作用。由于水文系统是一个连续体，对一个组成部分的任何修改都会对相邻组成部分产生影响。通常影响到与湿地有关的水文系统的干扰包括天气改变、植物群落改变、地表水储存、道路建设、地表水和土壤水的排放、地下水补给和排泄区的改变以及地下水的抽取。在评估一种或多种与湿地有关的水文系统扰动的累积影响时，必须考虑到水文研究中所作的测量和假设的不确定性。例如，可以适当地假设区域地下水流系统在高地补给，在低地排泄。然而，由于地下水补给的空间和时间动态，类似的假设通常不适用于局部规模。缺乏对这些水文因素的认识，可能会导致对湿地景观各部分的水文功能的误解，以及对湿地生态系统的管理不善。
Wetlands occur in geologic and hydrologic settings that enhance the accumulation or retention of water. Regional slope, local relief, and permeability of the land surface are major controls on the formation of wetlands by surface-water sources. However, these landscape features also have significant control over groundwater flow systems, which commonly play a role in the formation of wetlands. Because the hydrologic system is a continuum, any modification of one component will have an effect on contiguous components. Disturbances commonly affecting the hydrologic system as it relates to wetlands include weather modification, alteration of plant communities, storage of surface water, road construction, drainage of surface water and soil water, alteration of groundwater recharge and discharge areas, and pumping of groundwater. Assessments of the cumulative effects of one or more of these disturbances on the hydrologic system as related to wetlands must take into account uncertainty in the measurements and in the assumptions that are made in hydrologic studies. For example, it may be appropriate to assume that regional groundwater flow systems are recharged in uplands and discharged in lowlands. However, a similar assumption commonly does not apply on a local scale, because of the spatial and temporal dynamics of groundwater recharge. Lack of appreciation of such hydrologic factors can lead to misunderstanding of the hydrologic function of wetlands within various parts of the landscape and mismanagement of wetland ecosystems.