Exosomes and Immune Response in Cancer: Friends or Foes?
Exosomes and Immune Response in Cancer: Friends or Foes?
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00730
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Melo SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barros FM;Carneiro F;Machado JC;Melo SA
外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡，近年来对其的研究呈指数级增长。这使人们认识到，这些结构远非细胞功能的惰性废弃物副产品，而是细胞间通讯机制的积极参与者，包括在癌细胞与免疫系统之间的相互作用中。随着免疫治疗技术已成为多种癌症的可行选择，深入理解肿瘤与其宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用变得越来越重要。在这篇综述中，我们对当前关于外泌体在这种相互作用中所起作用的知识进行了全面、更新且具有阐释性的综述。这些囊泡在肿瘤抗原呈递、免疫激活和免疫抑制中的作用，是作为外泌体与补体系统之间的相关相互作用来探讨的。本综述的最后一部分是对基于外泌体的无细胞癌症疫苗的I期到II期首次临床试验结果的探究。
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle whose study has grown exponentially in recent years. This led to the understanding that these structures, far from being inert waste by-products of cellular functioning, are active players in intercellular communication mechanisms, including in the interactions between cancer cells and the immune system. The deep comprehension of the crosstalk between tumors and the immune systems of their hosts has gained more and more importance, as immunotherapeutic techniques have emerged as viable options for several types of cancer. In this review, we present a comprehensive, updated, and elucidative review of the current knowledge on the functions played by the exosomes in this crosstalk. The roles of these vesicles in tumor antigen presentation, immune activation, and immunosuppression are approached as the relevant interactions between exosomes and the complement system. The last section of this review is reserved for the exploration of the results from the first phase I to II clinical trials of exosomes-based cell-free cancer vaccines.