Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation--implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea.
Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation--implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea.
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近海基础的表层动物动态——对北海未来风力发电的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.12.004
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
A. Schröder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Krone;L. Gutow;Tanja J. Joschko;A. Schröder
鉴于在未来几十年内将数千个大型海上风电基地引入北海，本手稿重点关注生物淤积过程和可能的珊瑚礁效应。该研究探讨了大型底栖动物（生物污损）定植在海上平台，这是海上风力涡轮机基础。共采集了183个单样本，并考虑了水深和时间参数，以比较生物污损质量和群落。紫贻贝Mytilus edulis、珊瑚虫Anthozoa和端足类Amphipoda Jassa spp.是优势物种。1 m带的群落与5 m带和20-28 m带的群落有明显的区别。10 m带群落代表了1 m和5 m带以美味贻贝为主和20-28 m带以珊瑚虫为主的过渡带。在未来的海上风电场中，数以千计的风力涡轮机基础将为硬底动物提供栖息地，否则硬底动物仅限于分散在德国湾广泛沉积软底内的稀疏岩石栖息地。然而，海上风力发电基础不能被视为天然岩石等效物，因为它们选择性地增加了某些天然硬底物种。建筑物的表面（1280平方米）平均覆盖着4300公斤的生物质。该基金会集中在其足迹面积（1024平方米）上，大型底栖动物生物量是德国专属经济区软底面积（0.12千克平方米）的35倍，作为生物量热点。关于生物量的时间变化，我们假设每年至少出口2700公斤生物量。在研究期间共生产了345 × 104个不同大小的贻贝单壳。由于海上风电场开发的扩大，预计北海的美味贻贝丰度将增加。这将导致次级硬底质（贻贝壳）及其相关动物的产量增加，并将提高海水的过滤速度。这种预测的生态系统变化被称为德国湾的“神话”。
In the light of the introduction of thousands of large offshore wind power foundations into the North Sea within the next decades, this manuscript focuses on the biofouling processes and likely reef effects. The study explores the macrozoobenthos (biofouling) colonization at an offshore platform which is comparable to offshore wind turbine foundations. A total of 183 single samples were taken and the parameters water depth and time were considered comparing biofouling masses and communities. The blue mussel Mytilus edulis, Anthozoa and the Amphipoda Jassa spp. were the dominant species. The community from the 1 m zone and those from the 5 and 20–28 m zones can clearly be differentiated. The 10 m zone community represents the transition between the M. edulis dominated 1 m and 5 m zones and the Anthozoa dominated 20–28 m zone. In the future offshore wind farms, thousands of wind turbine foundations will provide habitat for a hard bottom fauna which is otherwise restricted to the sparse rocky habitats scattered within extensive sedimentary soft bottoms of the German Bight. However, offshore wind power foundations cannot be considered natural rock equivalents as they selectively increase certain natural hard bottom species. The surface of the construction (1280 m²) was covered by an average of 4300 kg biomass. This foundation concentrates on its footprint area (1024 m²) 35 times more macrozoobenthos biomass than the same area of soft bottom in the German exclusive economic zone (0.12 kg m−2), functioning as a biomass hotspot. Concerning the temporal biomass variation, we assume that at least 2700 kg biomass was exported on a yearly basis. 345 × 104single mussel shells of different sizes were produced during the study period. It is anticipated that the M. edulis abundance will increase in the North Sea due to the expansion of the offshore wind farm development. This will result in the enhanced production of secondary hard substrate (mussel shells) and its associated fauna and will intensify filtration rates of the seawater. This predicted ecological system change is coined the ’Mytilusation’ of the German Bight.