Seaweed production: overview of the global state of exploitation, farming and emerging research activity
Seaweed production: overview of the global state of exploitation, farming and emerging research activity
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DOI：
10.1080/09670262.2017.1365175
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Critchley, Alan T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buschmann, Alejandro H.;Camus, Carolina;Critchley, Alan T.
海藻的使用有着悠久的历史，就像一个选择和相对较小的物种群体的种植一样。本综述介绍了海藻生产的几个方面，如全球海藻产量的最新情况，包括从天然海床中提取和种植。我们讨论了用途、生产趋势和经济分析。我们还专注于被认为具有巨大潜力的海藻工业规模的增长，以提供足够的，可持续的生物质，以加工成多种产品，造福人类。生物精炼方法被提出作为实现这一目标的可持续战略。有许多不同的技术可用于生产海藻，但仍然需要优化和更有效的发展。我们的结论是，要实现海藻种植可能为世界做出的潜在贡献，还需要克服一些根本性且非常重要的障碍。有一些关键方面，例如提高海藻生物量的价值，沿着适当考虑海藻养殖可以提供的生态系统服务，例如减少沿海营养负荷。其他考虑因素包括与气候变化、病原体、表生生物和食草动物有关的环境风险，以及保护养殖海藻的遗传多样性。重要的是，我们为未来的需求提供了一个大纲，预计世界各地的藻类学家将迎接挑战，从而使海藻生物质的潜力成为现实。
The use of seaweeds has a long history, as does the cultivation of a select and relatively small group of species. This review presents several aspects of seaweed production, such as an update on the volumes of seaweeds produced globally by both extraction from natural beds and cultivation. We discuss uses, production trends and economic analysis. We also focus on what is viewed as the huge potential for growing industrial-scale volumes of seaweeds to provide sufficient, sustainable biomass to be processed into a multitude of products to benefit humankind. The biorefinery approach is proposed as a sustainable strategy to achieve this goal. There are many different technologies available to produce seaweed, but optimization and more efficient developments are still required. We conclude that there are some fundamental and very significant hurdles yet to overcome in order to achieve the potential contributions that seaweed cultivation may provide the world. There are critical aspects, such as improving the value of seaweed biomass, along with a proper consideration of the ecosystem services that seaweed farming can provide, e.g. a reduction in coastal nutrient loads. Additional considerations are environmental risks associated with climate change, pathogens, epibionts and grazers, as well as the preservation of the genetic diversity of cultivated seaweeds. Importantly, we provide an outline for future needs in the anticipation that phycologists around the world will rise to the challenge, such that the potential to be derived from seaweed biomass becomes a reality.