The Multilevel Governance of Migration and Integration
The Multilevel Governance of Migration and Integration
复制标题
移民与融合的多层次治理
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_6
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Penninx
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Scholten;R. Penninx
本章重点关注作为多层政策问题的迁移和整合，并从多层治理的角度探讨其后果。移民政策制定的特点是，各国政府与欧盟之间就各国在解释欧盟指令方面的自由裁量权进行了持续的斗争。地方和地区政府参与有关欧盟内部移民（尤其是来自新成员国的东西向移民）的辩论，使情况进一步复杂化。在一体化方面，地方、地区、国家和欧盟机构之间出现了更为复杂的关系。欧洲超级多样化的城市，如巴塞罗那、伦敦、柏林和鹿特丹，采取了与本国政府截然不同的政策方向，有效地“脱钩”了国家和地方政策。虽然移民融合的政治化继续推动许多国家的政策，但欧盟已经制定了各种软治理措施，以促进地方政府之间的政策学习。本章考察了欧盟、国家和地方层面以及区域层面移民和一体化政策的最新演变。这使我们能够理解驱动不同层次政策的因素，以及这些因素导致不同层次之间趋同或分歧的程度。还分析了各级政府之间的关系或缺乏关系。为了理解这些关系，应用了一个允许不同关系安排的框架。“多层次治理”的概念提供了一种构建各级政府之间关系的可能方式。
This chapter focuses on migration and integration as multilevel policy issues and explores the consequences in terms of multilevel governance. Immigration policymaking has been characterized by continued struggle between national governments and the EU about the amount of discretion states have in interpreting EU directives. The involvement of local and regional governments in debates about intra-EU migration, particularly East–west migration from new member states, has further complicated the situation. Regarding integration, even more complex relations have emerged between local, regional, national, and EU institutions. The superdiverse cities of Europe, such as Barcelona, London, Berlin, and Rotterdam, have taken policy directions very different from their national governments, effectively “decoupling” national and local policies. While politicization of migrant integration continues to drive policies in many countries, the EU has developed various soft governance measures to promote policy learning between local governments. This chapter examines the recent evolution of migration and integration policies at the EU, national, and local levels, as well as the regional level. This enables us to understand the factors that drive policies at the different levels and the extent that these lead to convergence or divergence between the levels. Also analysed are the relations—or absence of relations—between levels of government. To make sense of these relations, a framework is applied that allows for different arrangements of relations. The notion of “multilevel governance” provides one possible way of structuring relations between various government levels.