Why do subsistence-level people join the market economy?: Testing hypotheses of push and pull determinants in Bolivian Amazonia
Why do subsistence-level people join the market economy?: Testing hypotheses of push and pull determinants in Bolivian Amazonia
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DOI：
10.3998/jar.0521004.0061.202
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Zhao, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godoy, R;Reyes-García, V;Zhao, DK
为什么仅能维持生存的土著人民要加入市场经济？这个问题很重要，因为在回答这个问题的过程中，人们参与了一场关于市场对福祉影响的古老辩论。人类学家通常将市场参与视为外生的。如果市场参与反映了选择，那么它实际上是内生的。我们回顾了推动或拉动人们进入市场的决定因素的假设，包括人口压力和侵占造成的资源稀缺，提高和减少食品消费水平变化的愿望，以及外国商品的吸引力。为了验证这些假设，我们使用了来自提斯曼美洲印第安人的不同系列的面板数据，这是玻利维亚亚马逊地区的一个觅食园艺社会。我们通过使用外部旅行交易者作为市场参与的工具变量来纠正市场参与的内生性。我们没有发现对推动决定因素的支持和对外国商品吸引力的混合支持。我们没有发现市场提高营养状况的证据，但它们似乎确实减少了营养状况的可变性。
Why would subsistence-level indigenous people join the market economy? The question matters because, in answering it, one contributes to a venerable debate about the effects of markets on well-being. Anthropologists have generally treated market participation as exogenous. Market participation is in fact endogenous if it reflects choice. We review hypotheses of determinants that push or pull people to the market, including resource scarcity from population pressure and encroachment, desire to increase level of and reduce variability in food consumption, and the allure of foreign goods. To test the hypotheses we use different series of panel data from Tsimane' Amerindians, a foraging-horticultural society in the Bolivian Amazon. We correct for the endogeneity of market participation by using outside traveling traders as an instrumental variable for market participation. We find no support for push determinants and mixed support for the allure of foreign goods. We find no evidence that markets raise nutritional status, but they do seem to reduce its variability.