Microstructure and radiation tolerance of molybdenum-rich glass composite nuclear waste forms

Microstructure and radiation tolerance of molybdenum-rich glass composite nuclear waste forms
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富钼玻璃复合核废料形态的微观结构和耐辐射性能

DOI:
10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154635
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Zagyva T
Zagyva T
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zagyva T

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在英国的玻璃化试验台上制备了非活性富钙锌玻璃复合材料。GCM样品进行Ni和Au离子辐照,以模拟α反冲损伤的影响,并确定结晶度特性如何影响塞拉菲尔德核电站运行后清洗(POCO)操作过程中产生的高放废物(HLW)的整体辐射耐受性。在GCM中确定的典型晶相为:粉云母、二氧化钌、锌铬铁矿、锆石和铈矿。钆(放射性元素的代用品)主要富集在粉云母、锆石和铈矿晶体中。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)分析表明,铈矿是一种高度耐辐射的相,而粉云母和锆石则在Ni和Au离子辐照后变得无定形并显著溶胀。这项研究表明,在重离子辐照下的powellite无定形的第一个证据,并表明powellite是容易在HLW材料的α反冲无定形,在以前的研究结果相反。还描述了冷却相关的和辐照引起的微裂纹的演变。在高放废物玻璃复合材料中,预计在罐的中间形成微裂纹,在那里出现相对较大的粉末和锆石晶体。
Non-active molybdenum-rich Ca/Zn glass composite materials (GCM) were prepared on the Vitrification Test Rig (VTR) in the UK. The GCM samples were subjected to Ni and Au ion irradiations to simulate the effects of alpha recoil damage and to determine how the crystallinity characteristics might affect the overall radiation tolerance of high-level wastes (HLW) generated during post-operational clean-out (POCO) operations at the Sellafield nuclear site. The typical crystal phases identified in the GCM were: powellite, ruthenium dioxide, zincochromite, zircon and cerianite. Gadolinium (a proxy for radioactive elements) accumulated mainly in powellite, zircon and cerianite crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analyses showed that cerianite is a highly radiation-tolerant phase, whereas powellite and zircon became amorphous and swelled considerably after the Ni and Au ion irradiations. This research shows the first evidence of powellite amorphisation under heavy-ion irradiation and suggests that powellite is susceptible to amorphisation by alpha recoils in HLW materials, in contrast to previous findings. The evolution of cooling-related and irradiation-induced microcracks is also described. In HLW glass composite materials, the formation of microcracks is expected in the middle of the canister, where relatively large powellite and zircon crystals appear.
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