Robust Key Generation With Hardware Mismatch for Secure MIMO Communications
Robust Key Generation With Hardware Mismatch for Secure MIMO Communications
复制标题
通过硬件不匹配生成稳健的密钥以实现安全 MIMO 通信
DOI：
10.1109/tifs.2021.3127021
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Aiqun Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guyue Li;Yinghao Xu;Wei Xu;Eduard Jorswieck;Aiqun Hu
在实际应用中，物理层密钥生成（PKG）遇到了信道互易性不完善、邻近攻击和时间自相关性高等瓶颈。现有的单频带多天线环回密钥生成（OB-MALA）方案试图通过经由回波旋转的接收信号来建立双向信道来解决这些挑战。然而，我们发现，OB-MALA计划可以容易受到乘除（MD）攻击，因为它们通过相同的频带与导频信号的回波接收到的信号。为了克服这一缺陷，我们提出了一种新的方法，命名为两个波段多天线环包密钥生成（TB-MALA），它利用两个单独的频带的导频传输和回波接收。TB-MALA被证明是强大的不完美的信道互易性所造成的射频（RF）前端，可以抵抗附近的攻击和MD攻击。它还减少了自相关的有效通道的旋转矩阵的帮助下。分析了TB-MALA算法的密钥速率，给出了最坏情况下的一个下界的封闭形式。数值结果表明，所提出的TB-MALA保护免受这些攻击，并实现性能与理想情况下的RF前端的完美互易性。因此，它可以用于在多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中形成鲁棒、快速和安全的密钥生成。
In practical implementations, physical-layer key generation (PKG) encounters the bottlenecks of imperfect channel reciprocity, nearby attack, and high temporal auto-correlation. Existing One-Band Multiple-Antenna Loop-bAck key generation (OB-MALA) schemes try to address these challenges through establishing bi-directional channels via echoing rotated received signals. However, we find that OB-MALA schemes can be vulnerable to a multiply-divide (MD) attack, as they echo the received signals through the same band with the pilot signals. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a new method, named Two-Band Multiple-Antenna Loop-bAck key generation (TB-MALA), which exploits two separate bands for pilot transmission and echo reception. The TB-MALA is proved to be robust to the imperfect channel reciprocity caused by radio frequency (RF) front-ends and can resist both the nearby attack and the MD attack. It also reduces the auto-correlation of effective channels with the help of a rotation matrix. The secret key rate of TB-MALA is analyzed and the closed-form of a lower bound is derived for the worst case. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed TB-MALA protects against these attacks and achieves performance comparable to the ideal case with the perfect reciprocity of RF front-ends. It can thus be used to form a robust, fast, and secure key generation in a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system.