Programming Effects of Prenatal Stress on Neurodevelopment-The Pitfall of Introducing a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Programming Effects of Prenatal Stress on Neurodevelopment-The Pitfall of Introducing a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph16132301
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roseboom, Tessa J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bleker, Laura S.;De Rooij, Susanne R.;Roseboom, Tessa J.
无论是在科学文献中还是在公共媒体上，人们对产前压力对发育中的胎儿大脑的潜在有害影响越来越感兴趣。动物研究的结果表明，妊娠期应激会导致后代神经发育的改变，并产生不良的行为和认知后果。此外，人类研究表明，严重的产前压力对儿童的神经发育有负面影响。然而，压力是一个总括术语，对产妇压力的研究集中在广泛的压力诱导情况下，从日常麻烦到丧亲之痛或自然灾害后的创伤性压力。许多妇女在怀孕期间经历的轻度到中度压力并没有一贯地被证明对孩子的神经发育产生实质性的负面影响。此外，绝大多数人体研究都是观察性队列研究，由于无法显示因果关系而受到阻碍。此外，我们有限的知识可能的潜在机制和干预措施的影响，产前压力对儿童神经发育的结果强调我们不完整的了解产前压力对儿童神经发育的实际影响。在我们有更好的理解之前，警告所有孕妇各种产前压力可能产生的有害影响似乎适得其反，即使只是为了避免压力本身的诱导。
There is increasing interest for the potential harmful effects of prenatal stress on the developing fetal brain, both in scientific literature and in public press. Results from animal studies suggest that gestational stress leads to an altered offspring neurodevelopment with adverse behavioral and cognitive consequences. Furthermore, there are indications in human studies that severe prenatal stress has negative consequences for the child's neurodevelopment. However, stress is an umbrella term and studies of maternal stress have focused on a wide range of stress inducing situations, ranging from daily hassles to traumatic stress after bereavement or a natural disaster. Mild to moderate stress, experienced by many women during their pregnancy, has not consistently been shown to exert substantial negative effects on the child's neurodevelopment. Additionally, the vast majority of human studies are observational cohort studies that are hampered by their fundamental inability to show a causal relationship. Furthermore, our limited knowledge on the possible underlying mechanisms and the effects of interventions for prenatal stress on child neurodevelopmental outcomes emphasize our incomplete understanding of the actual effects of prenatal stress on child neurodevelopment. Until we have a better understanding, it seems counterproductive to alarm all pregnant women for possible harmful effects of all sorts of prenatal stress, if only to avoid the induction of stress itself.