Principles of evolutionary medicine
Principles of evolutionary medicine
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进化医学原理
DOI：
10.1080/09638237.2017.1417575
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Sunjai Gupta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sunjai Gupta
这本书第二版的出版几乎与我第一次参加皇家精神病学家学院进化精神病学特别兴趣小组的会议同时进行。因此，我很高兴地看到，它包含了许多有心理健康背景的人感兴趣的内容，包括关于人类大脑和行为的进化的一章，以及诸如情感发展;暴力，攻击和冲动控制障碍;恐惧和焦虑;压力（包括创伤后压力）;情绪和人格障碍;精神病;成瘾;自闭症和自闭症等主题的报道。然而，我会欢迎一些关于精神分裂症和语言之间进化关系的理论。似乎也没有提到维生素D缺乏和精神疾病之间可能存在联系的假设，只是顺便提到了季节性情感障碍（SAD）。对SAD的更全面的讨论，尤其值得在例如关于代谢紊乱的章节中，或者在关于季节/纬度/生殖或睡眠的章节中进行。然而，整本书中有许多提到身心健康之间的联系，包括心理问题对生殖的影响（反之亦然）;导致不良生活方式行为的宿命论态度;职业选择和饮食失调;儿童肥胖和情绪健康;以及慢性疾病的精神后果。总之，这本书中有很多对心理健康专业人员有价值的东西（作者甚至认为进化假说可以帮助临床医生管理一些精神病问题，如恐惧症）。这并不令人惊讶，因为这本书将对进化医学的兴趣的兴起部分归因于一位精神病学家的努力：兰多夫·内塞（例如，参见内塞（2000））。对于那些对进化公共卫生感兴趣的人来说，这卷书也应该是需要阅读的，这是最近《柳叶刀》上一系列具有里程碑意义的论文的主题（威尔斯等，2017年）。希望这不会是最后一个这样的系列。这本书应该有助于确保它不是。
The publication of this second edition almost coincided with my first attendance at meetings of the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ special interest group in Evolutionary Psychiatry. I was, therefore, pleased to see that it contains much of interest to those with a background in mental health including a chapter on the Evolution of Human Brain and Behaviour, and coverage of topics such as emotional development; violence, aggression and disorders of impulse control; fear and anxiety; stress (including post-traumatic stress); mood and personality disorders; psychosis; addictions; and autism and Asperger’s disease. I would, however, have welcomed some mention of theories of the evolutionary relationship between schizophrenia and language. There also appears to be no reference to hypotheses of possible links between vitamin D deficiency and mental illness, and only a passing mention of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). A fuller discussion of SAD, in particular, would have been merited, for example, in the chapter on metabolic disturbances, or in the sections dealing with season/latitude/reproduction or on sleep. There are, however, numerous references throughout the book to the links between physical and mental health including reproductive impacts of psychological problems (and vice versa); fatalistic attitudes leading to poor lifestyle behaviours; choice of profession and eating disturbances; childhood obesity and emotional wellbeing; and the psychiatric consequences of chronic ill-health. In summary, there is much in this book which would be of value to mental health professionals (and the authors even suggest that evolutionary hypotheses could assist clinicians in managing some psychiatric problems, such as phobias). This is scarcely surprising since the book attributes the rise of interest in evolutionary medicine, in part, to the efforts of a psychiatrist: Randolph Nesse (e.g. see Nesse (2000)). The volume should also be required reading for those with an interest in evolutionary public health, which was recently the subject of a landmark series of papers in the Lancet (Wells et al., 2017). It is to be hoped that it will not be the last such series. This book should help to ensure that it is not.