How useful are non-blocking loads, stream buffers and speculative execution in multiple issue processors?
How useful are non-blocking loads, stream buffers and speculative execution in multiple issue processors?
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非阻塞加载、流缓冲区和推测执行在多个问题处理器中有多有用？
DOI：
10.1109/hpca.1995.386553
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Chow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Farkas;N. Jouppi;P. Chow
我们研究了单独使用和相互结合使用的非阻塞加载、流缓冲区和推测执行的相对性能影响。我们在静态调度的四核处理器模型上模拟了 SPEC92 基准测试，运行来自 Multiflow 编译器的代码。非阻塞加载和流缓冲区都提供了显着的性能优势，并且它们的组合比单独使用任何一种的性能都要好得多。例如，对于具有 32 个周期获取延迟的 64 字节、2 路组关联缓存，非阻塞负载将运行时间减少 21%，而流缓冲区将运行时间减少 26%，两者结合使用可减少 47%。推测执行的添加进一步将我们模拟的系统的性能进一步提高了 20% 到 4O%，无论有或没有非阻塞加载和流缓冲区。我们预计这三种技术的使用将在未来几代微处理器中发挥重要作用。<<ETX>>
We investigate the relative performance impact of non-blocking loads, stream buffers, and speculative execution both used individually and in conjunction with each other. We have simulated the SPEC92 benchmarks on a statically scheduled quad-issue processor model, running code from the Multiflow compiler. Non-blocking loads and stream buffers both provide a significant performance advantage, and their combination performs significantly better than either alone. For example, with a 64-byte, 2-way set associative cache with 32 cycle fetch latency, non-blocking loads reduce the run-time by 21% while stream-buffers reduce it by 26%, and the combined use of the two yields a 47% reduction. The addition of speculative execution further improves the performance of the systems that we have simulated, with or without non-blocking loads and stream buffers, by an additional 20% to 4O%. We expect that the use of all three of these techniques will be important in future generations of microprocessors.<<ETX>>