Bioenergetic correlates of foraging mode for the snakes Crotalus cerastes and Masticophis flagellum
Bioenergetic correlates of foraging mode for the snakes Crotalus cerastes and Masticophis flagellum
复制标题
响尾蛇和鞭毛蛇觅食模式的生物能相关性
作者：
S. Secor;K. Nagy
觅食模式可能会影响一系列的生态和生物能量特征，其中一些我们比较了两种蛇：同域的坐着等待觅食的响尾蛇，Crotalus cerastes，和广泛觅食的马鞭，Masticophisflagellum。在大部分的水面活动期间，夜间C。角鼻蝠盘绕或部分埋于沙中等待伏击移动的猎物，而昼行的M.鞭毛在栖息地中巡游，寻找活动和静止的猎物。日表面活动的平均持续时间。cerastes（X？1 SE = 7.2？0.7 h/d），几乎是M.鞭毛（3.9？0.9 h/d）。活动期M.鞭毛（33.10？0. PC）的平均值高于活性C，且维持在较窄的范围内。角额藻（25.3？? 0.1PC）。现场代谢率（FMR，作为CO2生产），用双标记水测量，在M。鞭毛（体质量= 124？12 g（X？1 SE））比C.角鼻蝠属（Cerastes）125？6 g）在活跃季节（4月中旬至10月中旬; 0.154？0.017对0.063？0.005 mL-g' h-'），过渡季节（3月中旬至4月中旬，10月中旬至11月中旬; 0.058？0.009对0.028？0.002 mL-g-' h-'）和冬眠（11月中旬至3月中旬; 0.002对0.007？0.001 mL g·I·h- 1）。鞭毛虫的水流入速率也显著高于C.活动期的角鼻藻（19.7？2.9对比7.6？1.1 mL kg-“d-”）和过渡季节（7.1？1.8对比2.5？0.5 mL g-1 d-1）。标准代谢率（SMR），在6 Tb的（100- 350 C），测量的M.鞭毛平均37？比C.角鼻藻。SMR的每月代谢成本，通过整合24小时Tb配置文件与温度相关的回归方程SMR计算，平均62？自由放养的M高4%。flagellum比C.角鼻藻。FMR和SMR之间的差异是分配给活动和其他能量需求功能（如消化）的能量，分别占C. cerastes和M.鞭毛每年，M。鞭毛在活动和其他功能上消耗的能量是C.角鼻藻。消化（占FMR的19 -43%）和运动（占FMR的6-18%）对SMR以上的支出有贡献。摄食率（根据进水量计算）在M。鞭毛（24.1？5.5 g·kg ~（-1）·Id ~（-1）是C.角石（9.4？1.4 g kg-“-d-”）。一年多来，M。鞭毛消耗的同化能是C. cerastes，虽然这两个物种获得了类似的能量利润（212和177千焦/年）。神秘的伏击者C. cerastes平衡低能量消耗和低食物摄入，而广泛觅食M。鞭毛有更大的支出，但也实现了更大的能量消耗。
Foraging mode may influence an array of ecological and bioenergetic char- acteristics, several of which we compared between two snakes: sympatric sit-and-wait foraging sidewinders, Crotalus cerastes, and widely foraging coachwhips, Masticophisfla- gellum. During the majority of surface activity, the nocturnal C. cerastes were either coiled on or partially buried in the sand waiting to ambush mobile prey, whereas the diurnal M. flagellum cruised through the habitat searching for active and sedentary prey. Average duration of daily surface activity of C. cerastes (X ? 1 SE = 7.2 ? 0.7 h/d) was nearly twice that of M. flagellum (3.9 ? 0.9 h/d). Body temperatures (Tb's) of active M. flagellum (33.10 ? 0. PC) averaged higher, and were maintained within a narrower range, than those of active C. cerastes (25.3? ? 0.1PC). Field metabolic rates (FMR, as CO2 production), measured with doubly labeled water, were significantly greater in M. flagellum (body mass = 124 ? 12 g (X ? 1 SE)) than in C. cerastes (125 ? 6 g) during the active season (mid-April to mid-October; 0.154 ? 0.017 vs. 0.063 ? 0.005 mL-g' h-'), transition seasons (mid-March to mid-April, mid-October to mid-November; 0.058 ? 0.009 vs. 0.028 ? 0.002 mL-g-' h-'), and hibernation (mid- November to mid-March; 0.0 14 ? 0.002 vs. 0.007 ? 0.001 mL g' I h- 1). Masticophis flagellum also possessed significantly greater rates of water influx than C. cerastes during the active (19.7 ? 2.9 vs. 7.6 ? 1.1 mL kg-' d-') and transition seasons (7.1 ? 1.8 vs. 2.5 ? 0.5 mL g-I d-'). Standard metabolic rates (SMR), measured at six Tb's (100-350C), of M.flagellum averaged 37 ? 4% greater than SMR of C. cerastes. The monthly metabolic cost of SMR, calculated by integrating 24-h Tb profiles with temperature-dependent re- gression equations for SMR, averaged 62 ? 4% greater for free-ranging M. flagellum than for C. cerastes. The difference between FMR and SMR is the energy allocated to activities and other energy-demanding functions such as digestion and represented 65 and 76%, respectively, of the yearly metabolic expenditure of C. cerastes and M. flagellum. Annually, M. flagellum spent 2.6 times the amount of energy on activity and other functions as did C. cerastes. Contributing to expenditures above SMR were digestion (1 9-43% of FMR) and movement (6-18% of FMR). Feeding rate (calculated from water influx) during the active season of M. flagellum (24.1 ? 5.5 g kg-' Id-) was more than twice that of C. cerastes (9.4 ? 1.4 g kg- ' -d- '). Over a full year, M. flagellum consumed 2.1 times as much assimilable energy as did C. cerastes, although both species gained similar energy profits (212 and 177 kJ/yr, respectively). The foraging strategy of the cryptic, ambushing C. cerastes balances low energy expenditure with low food intake, whereas widely foraging M. flagellum have greater expenditures but achieve greater energy consumption, as well.
蛇肠响应进食而快速上调：肠道适应的新模型。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.4.g695
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Secor,SM;Stein,ED;Diamond,J
通讯作者：
Diamond,J