The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms.
The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins8010030
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发表时间：
2016-01-20
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Dejean A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Touchard A;Aili SR;Fox EG;Escoubas P;Orivel J;Nicholson GM;Dejean A
蚂蚁（蚁科）代表了一个分类学上多样化的HYPERTHERANS组，现存超过13，000种，其中大多数从毒腺注射或喷射分泌物。蚂蚁的进化成功主要是由于它们独特的社会性，这使它们能够发展复杂的合作策略，部分涉及它们的毒液分泌物，以保护它们的巢穴免受捕食者，微生物病原体，蚂蚁竞争对手和捕食猎物。蚂蚁毒液的活性包括麻痹、细胞溶解、溶血、过敏、促炎、杀虫、抗菌和产生疼痛的药理活性，而无毒功能包括涉及踪迹和性信息素的化学通讯中的作用、威慑和聚集剂。虽然蚂蚁毒液中的这些不同活动迄今为止由于蚂蚁的毒液产量小而在很大程度上研究不足，但现代分析和毒液组学技术开始揭示毒素结构和功能的多样性。因此，蚂蚁毒液与其他有毒动物不同，不仅富含线性、二聚体和二硫键结合的肽和生物活性蛋白，而且还富含其他挥发性和非挥发性化合物，如生物碱和烃。本综述详细介绍了已知的蚂蚁毒液蛋白质和杀虫毒素的独特结构和药理作用及其作为新型生物杀虫剂和治疗剂的潜在来源。
Ants (Formicidae) represent a taxonomically diverse group of hymenopterans with over 13,000 extant species, the majority of which inject or spray secretions from a venom gland. The evolutionary success of ants is mostly due to their unique eusociality that has permitted them to develop complex collaborative strategies, partly involving their venom secretions, to defend their nest against predators, microbial pathogens, ant competitors, and to hunt prey. Activities of ant venom include paralytic, cytolytic, haemolytic, allergenic, pro-inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and pain-producing pharmacologic activities, while non-toxic functions include roles in chemical communication involving trail and sex pheromones, deterrents, and aggregators. While these diverse activities in ant venoms have until now been largely understudied due to the small venom yield from ants, modern analytical and venomic techniques are beginning to reveal the diversity of toxin structure and function. As such, ant venoms are distinct from other venomous animals, not only rich in linear, dimeric and disulfide-bonded peptides and bioactive proteins, but also other volatile and non-volatile compounds such as alkaloids and hydrocarbons. The present review details the unique structures and pharmacologies of known ant venom proteinaceous and alkaloidal toxins and their potential as a source of novel bioinsecticides and therapeutic agents.