Cognitive and motor processes in visuospatial attention: An interactionist perspective
Cognitive and motor processes in visuospatial attention: An interactionist perspective
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视觉空间注意力中的认知和运动过程：互动主义的观点
DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2021.06.006
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发表时间：
--
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Schenk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel T. Smith;Casteau;van der Stigchel;Schenk
内隐心理过程(如注意力和工作记忆)与控制外显行为(如眼球运动)之间的相互作用的性质长期以来一直是人们感兴趣和有争议的问题。运动控制、注意力和工作记忆确实相互作用，这一点得到了广泛的共识，但对于它们如何或为什么相互作用的共识较少。到目前为止，大多数工作都集中在运动控制和注意力之间的相互作用上。在这个问题上，人们提出了不同的观点。例如，在光谱的一端是理论方法，如Rizzolatti的前导理论(Rizzolatti，Riggio，Dascola，&Umilta，1987)，该理论认为，内隐注意在功能上等同于对眼跳等动作的编程。另一方面，克莱因(Klein，1980；MacLean，Klein，&Hilchey，2015)等学者主张将动作控制和注意力完全分离，而其他人则主张部分独立(Belopolsky&Theeuwes，2012；Casteau&Smith，2019；Smith&Schenk，2012)。最近，出现了一场关于动作，特别是眼动在视觉工作记忆的编码、维护和回忆中所起作用的新辩论(Aagten-Murphy&Bays，2019；Heuer，Ohl，&Rolfs，2020；Van der Stigchel&Hollingworth，2018)。2019年，我们在达勒姆组织了一个研讨会，由ESRC、DFG和NWO支持，讨论将研究成果转化为应用的不同理论立场和潜在方法。这次会议提出了几个关键主题。已确定的一个根本问题是，需要发展新的理论框架，使讨论摆脱注意和运动控制之间严格的全有或全无耦合的概念，如前导理论，转而采用一种更微妙的互动主义方法，试图了解运动系统可能施加和影响注意力和记忆的条件。第二个问题是需要区分运动前瞬间发生的注意力转移和没有任何显性运动时发生的真正的“隐蔽”注意力转移。第三个主题也出现了，重点是运动控制和非空间注意之间相互作用的性质。这种相互作用似乎比运动控制和空间注意之间的相互作用更少被理解，这是一个探索的成熟领域。最后，许多讨论集中在注意力和行动的神经心理学上，重点是更好地理解注意力和运动系统之间的复杂关系如何在不同的障碍中表现出来。这四个主题也反映在本期特刊发表的论文中。SI中的三篇论文主要是理论上的。Oliver和RoelfSema(2020)关注注意力、动作和视觉工作记忆(VWM)之间的相互作用，认为VWM不仅仅是过去的存储系统
The nature of the interactions between covert mental processes, such as attention and working memory, and the control of overt actions, such as eye-movements, has been of long standing interest and controversy. There is broad agreement that motor control, attention, and working memory do interact, but less consensus on how or why they do. Until now, most work has focused on the interaction between motor control and attention. On this topic, different viewpoints have been advanced. For example, at one end of the spectrum lie theoretical approaches such as Rizzolatti's Premotor Theory (Rizzolatti, Riggio, Dascola, & Umilta, 1987) which argued that covert attention is functionally equivalent to the programming of actions such as saccadic eyemovements. At the other end, scholars such as Klein (Klein, 1980; MacLean, Klein, & Hilchey, 2015) argued for a complete decoupling of action control and attention, while others have argued for partial independence (Belopolsky & Theeuwes, 2012; Casteau & Smith, 2019; Smith & Schenk, 2012). More recently, a new debate about the role of actions, and in particular eye-movements, in the encoding, maintenance, and recall of visual working memory emerged (Aagten-Murphy & Bays, 2019; Heuer, Ohl, & Rolfs, 2020; Van der Stigchel & Hollingworth, 2018). In 2019 we organised a workshop in Durham, supported by the ESRC, DfG and NWO, to discuss different theoretical positions and potential approaches for translating research findings into applications. Several key themes emerged from this meeting. One fundamental issue that was identified was the need to develop new theoretical frameworks that helped move the discussion away from the notion of strict all or nothing coupling between attention and motor control, as exemplified by Premotor Theory, in favour of a more nuanced, interactionist approach that sought to understand the conditions under which the motor system could exert and influence attention and memory. A second was the need to differentiate between ‘premotor’shifts of attention that occur in the moments before a movement, and truly ‘covert’attention shifts that occur in the absence of any overt movement. A third theme also emerged, focused on the nature of the interaction between motor control and non-spatial attention. This interaction appears to be less understood than the interaction between motor control and spatial attention and is an area ripe for exploration. Finally, much discussion centred on the neuropsychology of attention and action, with an emphasis on developing a better understanding of how the complex relationship between attention and the motor system might express itself in different disorders. These four themes are also reflected in the papers published in this special issue. Three of the papers in the SI are primarily theoretical. Olivers and Roelfsema (2020) focus on the interactions between attention, action and visual working memory (VWM), arguing that VWM acts not simply as a storage system for past
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