Attention, theory of mind, and causal attributions in people with persecutory delusions: A preliminary investigation
Attention, theory of mind, and causal attributions in people with persecutory delusions: A preliminary investigation
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被害妄想症患者的注意力、心理理论和因果归因：初步调查
DOI：
10.1080/135468000057
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
R. Bentall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Randall;R. Corcoran;J. Day;R. Bentall
导论.异常归因和心理理论（ToM）技能的缺陷与偏执妄想有关。Bentall和Kinderman（1998）提出，心理理论缺陷往往会阻止个人做出情境归因，从而增加外部个人归因的可能性，从而导致偏执狂信念。他们进一步指出，更基本的信息处理缺陷，通过影响心理理论技能，增加了偏执归因的可能性。方法.在急性期和缓解期偏执患者和正常对照组中评估了注意力、心理理论和归因之间的关系。被试在数字广度上进行了分心任务、错误信念和欺骗任务以及归因风格的测量。结果与对照组相比，急性期患者易分心，在心理理论上表现不佳，并做出了更多的归因，这些归因由独立评分者判断为外部个人（但不是由自我评分判断）。心理理论得分预测的外部个人归因的数量如预期的那样，但分心对心理理论的影响是模棱两可的。结论.初步支持的假设，但需要进一步的研究，使用一系列的执行，注意力，心理理论，归因措施。
Introduction. Abnormal attributions and deficits in theory of mind (ToM) skills have been implicated in paranoid delusions. Bentall and Kinderman (1998) have proposed that ToM deficits tend to prevent individuals from making situational attributions and therefore increase the probability of external-personal attributions, which in turn lead to paranoid beliefs. They further suggested that more fundamental information-processing deficits, by affecting theory of mind skills, increase the probability of paranoid attributions. Methods. Relationships between attention, ToM and attributions were assessed in acute and remitted paranoid patients and normal controls. Participants performed the digit span with distraction task, false belief and deception tasks, and a measure of attributional style. Results. Compared to the controls, acute patients were distractible, performed poorly on ToM, and made more attributions that were judged external-personal by independent raters (but not as judged by self-ratings). ToM scores predicted the number of external-personal attributions as expected, but the effect of distraction on ToM was equivocal. Conclusions. Preliminary support was found for the hypotheses, but further studies are required using a range of executive, attentional, ToM, and attribution measures.