Debris flows in the Andean ranges of central Chile and Argentina triggered by 2013 summer storms: characteristics and consequences
Debris flows in the Andean ranges of central Chile and Argentina triggered by 2013 summer storms: characteristics and consequences
复制标题
2013 年夏季风暴引发的智利中部和阿根廷安第斯山脉泥石流：特征和后果
作者：
S. Sepúlveda;S. Moreiras;Marisol Lara;Alejandro Alfaro
2013年1月和2月，当地夏季风暴期间的强降雨在智利中部和阿根廷（南纬32°-34°）的安第斯山脉主山脉和锋面山脉引发了大量山体滑坡。大部分的块体运动归类为泥石流，同时也发生了落石和泥石流。主要泥石流发生在迈波和阿空加瓜山谷（智利）以及沿着门多萨河谷（阿根廷）。泥石流严重破坏了连接两国的国际公路和地方公路，并对下游主要城市的人口产生了重大影响，主要原因是饮用水供应中断。泥石流沉积物中的粉土和粘土颗粒通常重量百分比在10%到20%之间，这有利于粘性流在短而陡的侧沟中运动。大多数水流趋向于形成沟道，物质沉积在先前有此类事件记录的地区的冲积扇和锥中。这表明，它们构成了一种重大危害，在该区域的道路基础设施和饮用水供应战略中可能没有得到适当考虑。在不久的将来，由于气候变化，这种潜在的危害可能会变得更加严重。
In January and February 2013, heavy rainfall during local summer storms triggered a large number of landslides in the Andes Main and Frontal ranges of central Chile and Argentina (32°–34° S). Most of the mass movements classify as debris flows, while rockfalls and debris avalanches also occurred. The major debris flows occurred in the Maipo and Aconcagua valleys (Chile) and along the Mendoza River valley (Argentina). The debris flows caused serious disruption to the international highway connecting both countries and local roads and produced a large impact on the population of major cities downstream, mainly due to potable water supply cutoffs. Debris flow deposits have silt and clay particles usually ranging between 10 and 20 % by weight, which favors the movement of viscous flows in short, steep lateral gullies. Most of the flows tended to channelize, and the materials were deposited in alluvial fans and cones in areas with previous records of such events. This indicates that they constitute a significant hazard that may not have been properly considered in road infrastructure and potable water supply strategies for the region. This potential hazard may become more serious due to climate change in the near future.