Sexual conflict selects for male and female reproductive characters
Sexual conflict selects for male and female reproductive characters
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DOI：
10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00146-4
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发表时间：
2001-04-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Ward, PI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hosken, DJ;Garner, TWJ;Ward, PI
背景：严格的基因一夫一妻制导致两性和谐，因为任何降低一种性别适合度的特征也会降低另一种性别的适合度。任何对一夫一妻制的偏离都会增加性冲突的可能性。精子竞争进一步加剧了冲突，鉴于这种现象的普遍存在，性冲突很普遍。为了支持理论，实验上强制的一夫一妻制导致了性仁慈的进化。相反，在多次交配的情况下，当雌性进化受到限制时，雄性进化出的特征会导致雌性的适应性大幅降低。理论还预测，当精子竞争风险高时，对精子发生的投资会增加。而这个假设有相关的晚餐？在美国，因果关系尚未完全确定。结果：通过在黄粪蝇系中强制实行一夫一妻制或多夫制，我们通过实验证明，多夫制处理的雄性进化出更大的睾丸。此外，雌性从这种处理中进化出更大的副性腺。这些腺体产生杀精分泌物，因此较大的腺体可以增加女性影响父亲的能力。利用分子技术，我们已经证明，与这一观点一致的是，在一妻多夫的情况下，雄性作为第二配偶的成功率会降低。然而，来自一妻多夫系的雄性在精子竞争中获得了更高的父权，这一发现进一步支持了睾丸的进化模式。结论：这些结果为睾丸大小进化的宏观进化模式提供了直接的实验支持。此外，我们已经证明，精子竞争选择的特征可能在性别冲突中比父权冲突更重要，这一结果之前只在果蝇身上得到证实。
Background: Strict genetic monogamy leads to sexual harmony because any trait that decreases the fitness of one sex also decreases the fitness of the other. Any deviation from monogamy increases the potential for sexual conflict. Conflict is further enhanced by sperm competition, and given the ubiquity of this phenomenon, sexual conflict is rife. In support of theory, experimentally enforced monogamy leads to the evolution of sexual benevolence. In contrast, with multiple mating, males evolve traits causing massive female fitness reductions when female evolution is restrained. Theory also predicts increased investment in spermatogenesis when sperm competition risk is high. While this supposition has correlational supper?, cause and effect has yet to be firmly established.Results: By enforcing monogamy or polyandry in yellow-dung-fly lines, we have shown experimentally that males from polyandrous treatments evolved larger testes. Furthermore, females from this treatment evolved larger accessory sex glands. These glands produce a spermicidal secretion, so larger glands could increase female ability to influence paternity. Using molecular techniques, we have shown that, consistent with this idea, males' success as second mates is reduced in females from the polyandrous treatment. Nevertheless, males from polyandrous lines achieve higher paternity during sperm competition, and this finding further supports the testis evolution patterns.Conclusions: These results provide direct experimental support for macroevolutionary patterns of testis size evolution. Furthermore, we have shown that sperm competition selects for traits likely to be important in sexual conflicts over paternity, a result only previously demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster.