Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems
Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.134
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发表时间：
2019-10-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Guitian, Javier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunton, Lucy A.;Desbois, Andrew P.;Guitian, Javier
水产养殖系统是高度复杂、动态和相互关联的系统，受环境、生物、文化、社会经济和人类行为因素的影响。水产养殖生产的集约化很可能导致滥用抗生素来治疗或预防疾病和提高生产力，往往是为了弥补管理和畜牧业的不足。对抗生素使用（ABU）和抗生素耐药性（ABR）的监测或监测往往缺乏或不存在。因此，在这些系统和更广泛的环境中，存在关于ABR出现风险和人类接触ABR的知识空白。这项研究的目的是使用系统思维方法绘制越南的两个水产养殖系统——条纹鲶鱼和白腿虾——的地图，以确定耐药性的出现和选择以及人类接触抗生素和耐抗生素细菌的热点。2018年1月，利益相关者在越南河内的一个跨学科研讨会上进行了系统制图，并对生成的地图进行了改进，直至达成共识。然后，回顾文献，以补充和交叉参考信息，并验证最终的地图。这些图谱和各成分与环境的相互作用揭示了生长阶段是两个系统中出现ABR的关键热点，这是由于直接和间接的ABR，暴露于被抗生素和耐抗生素细菌污染的水，以及这一阶段的持续时间。人类接触抗生素和ABR的途径被描述为：职业（农场和价值链上的不同处理点），通过消费（细菌污染和残留物）和环境途径。通过使用系统思维和利益相关者的映射来确定热点，我们展示了综合跨学科方法在水产养殖中表征ABU的适用性。这项工作为在不同的点上量化风险、理解组件之间的交互，以及识别能够领导和实现变更的涉众提供了基础。(C) 2019 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Aquaculture systems are highly complex, dynamic and interconnected systems influenced by environmental, biological, cultural, socio-economic and human behavioural factors. Intensification of aquaculture production is likely to drive indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat or prevent disease and increase productivity, often to compensate for management and husbandry deficiencies. Surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic usage (ABU) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) is often lacking or absent. Consequently, there are knowledge gaps for the risk of ABR emergence and human exposure to ABR in these systems and the wider environment. The aim of this study was to use a systems-thinking approach to map two aquaculture systems in Vietnam - striped catfish and white-leg shrimp - to identify hotspots for emergence and selection of resistance, and human exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. System mapping was conducted by stakeholders at an interdisciplinary workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam during January 2018, and the maps generated were refined until consensus. Thereafter, literature was reviewed to complement and cross-reference information and to validate the final maps. The maps and component interactions with the environment revealed the grow-out phase, where juveniles are cultured to harvest size, to be a key hotspot for emergence of ABR in both systems due to direct and indirect ABU, exposure to water contaminated with antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and duration of this stage. The pathways for human exposure to antibiotics and ABR were characterised as: occupational (on-farm and at different handling points along the value chain), through consumption (bacterial contamination and residues) and by environmental routes. By using systems thinking and mapping by stakeholders to identify hotspots we demonstrate the applicability of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to characterising ABU in aquaculture. This work provides a foundation to quantify risks at different points, understand interactions between components, and identify stakeholders who can lead and implement change. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.