A social-psychological analysis of HIV-related stigma - A two-factor theory
A social-psychological analysis of HIV-related stigma - A two-factor theory
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DOI：
10.1177/0002764299042007010
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发表时间：
1999-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Landau, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pryor, JB;Reeder, GD;Landau, S
尽管公共卫生机构作出了最大努力，但艾滋病毒/艾滋病仍然在广大民众中造成严重的耻辱。研究表明，人们对艾滋病患者的负面反应是由于他们对一种与死亡、滥交、毒品和同性恋有关的疾病的相对自动的反应。还有证据表明，更多的控制或努力的信息处理影响人们对艾滋病患者的反应。HN相关的污名模型的开发，假设心理反应的污名化的人是由一个主要的联想和基于规则的系统，并有一个时间模式，使最初的反应是由联想系统，而随后的反应是由基于规则的系统。因为与PWA的关联通常是负面的，相对自动的反应往往是负面的;然而，如果感知者有足够的时间，动机和认知资源，他们可能会调整他们的初始反应，朝着更积极的方向发展。这一理论模型对于理解任何感知到的污名如何影响社会认知过程具有普遍意义。
Despite the best efforts of public health agencies, HIV/AIDS continues to carry a significant stigma in the general population. Research indicates that people's negative reactions to persons with AIDS (PWAs) are due to their relatively automatic reactions to a disease that has become associated with death, promiscuity, drugs, and homosexuality There is also evidence that more controlled or effortful information processing influences how people respond to PWAs. A model of HN-related stigma is developed that assumes psychological reactions to stigmatized persons are governed by a primarily associative and a rule-based system, and that there is a temporal pattern such that initial reactions are governed by the associative system whereas subsequent reactions are governed by the rule-based system. Because associations to PWAs often are negative, relatively automatic reactions tend to be negative; however, if perceivers have enough time, motivation, and cognitive resources, they may adjust their initial reactions in a more positive direction. This theoretical model has general implications for understanding how any perceived stigma influences social cognition processes.