Carboxydotrophy potential of uncultivated Hydrothermarchaeota from the subseafloor crustal biosphere
Carboxydotrophy potential of uncultivated Hydrothermarchaeota from the subseafloor crustal biosphere
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-019-0352-9
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Orcutt, Beth N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr, Stephanie A.;Jungbluth, Sean P.;Orcutt, Beth N.
对地球陆地地下生物圈的探索导致了几个新的具有进化意义的古细菌谱系的发现。同样，深海底地壳生物圈也有许多独特的、未经培养的古生物分类群，包括属于Hydrothermarchaeota的古生物分类群，以前称为海洋底栖生物群-E。最近，Hydrothermarchaeota被确定为Juan de Fuca海岭侧翼地壳流体的丰富谱系，表明其适应这种极端环境。通过对单细胞和宏基因组组装基因组的研究，我们可以深入了解该谱系的进化历史和代谢潜力。系统基因组学分析表明，Hydrothermarchaeota是一个早期分支的古菌门，分支之间的超门DPANN，Euryarchaeota，和Asgard血统。Hydrothermarchaeota基因组表明异化和同化一氧化碳氧化（一氧化碳营养），以及硫酸盐和硝酸盐还原的潜力。也有一个流行的趋化性和运动基因，表明这种营养有限的流体岩石环境的适应策略。这些发现提供了Hydrothermarchaeota门的第一个基因组解释，并强调缺氧，炎热，深海地壳生物圈作为理解早期生命进化的重要栖息地。
The exploration of Earth's terrestrial subsurface biosphere has led to the discovery of several new archaeal lineages of evolutionary significance. Similarly, the deep subseafloor crustal biosphere also harbors many unique, uncultured archaeal taxa, including those belonging to Candidatus Hydrothermarchaeota, formerly known as Marine Benthic Group-E. Recently, Hydrothermarchaeota was identified as an abundant lineage of Juan de Fuca Ridge flank crustal fluids, suggesting its adaptation to this extreme environment. Through the investigation of single-cell and metagenome-assembled genomes, we provide insight into the lineage's evolutionary history and metabolic potential. Phylogenomic analysis reveals the Hydrothermarchaeota to be an early-branching archaeal phylum, branching between the superphylum DPANN, Euryarchaeota, and Asgard lineages. Hydrothermarchaeota genomes suggest a potential for dissimilative and assimilative carbon monoxide oxidation (carboxydotrophy), as well as sulfate and nitrate reduction. There is also a prevalence of chemotaxis and motility genes, indicating adaptive strategies for this nutrient-limited fluid-rock environment. These findings provide the first genomic interpretations of the Hydrothermarchaeota phylum and highlight the anoxic, hot, deep marine crustal biosphere as an important habitat for understanding the evolution of early life.