Parasites and competitors suppress bacterial pathogen synergistically due to evolutionary trade-offs.
Parasites and competitors suppress bacterial pathogen synergistically due to evolutionary trade-offs.
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.13143
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Friman VP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang X;Wei Z;Li M;Wang X;Shan A;Mei X;Jousset A;Shen Q;Xu Y;Friman VP
寄生虫和竞争对手对调节病原体密度和随后的疾病动态很重要。然而，目前尚不清楚这在多大程度上是由生态和进化过程驱动的。本文采用实验进化的方法，研究了番茄枯枯菌病原菌、枯枯菌特异性噬菌体寄生虫和解淀粉芽孢杆菌竞争菌在实验室和植物根际的生态进化反馈。我们发现，虽然噬菌体本身对病原菌密度的影响很小，但它大大增加了番茄青霉对解淀粉芽孢杆菌产生的抗生素的敏感性。而不是密度效应，这种协同作用是由于噬菌体驱动的噬菌体耐药性的增加，导致对解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗生素的耐药性的权衡。虽然没有证据表明病原体对解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗生素具有耐药性，但当病原体在寄生虫和竞争对手同时存在的情况下进化时，适应的适应度成本（生长降低）最高。尽管在番茄根际中噬菌体抗性的进化大大减弱，但在实验室和温室实验之间发现了定性相似的模式。这些结果表明，进化权衡可以对疾病动态施加强有力的约束，并且噬菌体和产生抗生素的细菌的结合可能是控制农业病原体的有效方法。
Parasites and competitors are important for regulating pathogen densities and subsequent disease dynamics. It is, however, unclear to what extent this is driven by ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we used experimental evolution to study the eco‐evolutionary feedbacks among Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial pathogen, Ralstonia‐specific phage parasite, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens competitor bacterium in the laboratory and plant rhizosphere. We found that while the phage had a small effect on pathogen densities on its own, it considerably increased the R. solanacearum sensitivity to antibiotics produced by B. amyloliquefaciens. Instead of density effects, this synergy was due to phage‐driven increase in phage resistance that led to trade‐off with the resistance to B. amyloliquefaciens antibiotics. While no evidence was found for pathogen resistance evolution to B. amyloliquefaciens antibiotics, the fitness cost of adaptation (reduced growth) was highest when the pathogen had evolved in the presence of both parasite and competitor. Qualitatively similar patterns were found between laboratory and greenhouse experiments even though the evolution of phage resistance was considerably attenuated in the tomato rhizosphere. These results suggest that evolutionary trade‐offs can impose strong constraints on disease dynamics and that combining phages and antibiotic‐producing bacteria could be an efficient way to control agricultural pathogens.