The influence of prior record on moral judgment
The influence of prior record on moral judgment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.06.010
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Saxe, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kliemann, Dorit;Young, Liane;Saxe, Rebecca
对于同样的违法行为，惯犯通常比初犯者受到更严厉的判决。虽然这种做法有直观的意义，但在法律和经济理论中，升级惩罚背后的理论存在争议。在这里，我们调查民间直觉有关的道德和故意地位的人执行的积极和消极的先前记录的人。我们假设先前的记录会调节道德判断和精神状态推理。受试者首先与公平（积极的先前记录）和不公平（消极的先前记录）竞争对手进行经济博弈，然后阅读对竞争对手行为的描述，这些行为导致了积极或消极的结果。这些描述没有说明参赛者的心理状态。我们发现，当不公平的竞争对手采取行动时，受试者认为产生负面结果的行为更“故意”，更“应受谴责”。虽然不需要明确的精神状态评估，但在这种情况下，道德判断伴随着与精神状态推理相关的大脑区域的激活增加，主要包括右颞顶叶连接（RTPJ）。RTPJ的激活程度与个体受试者对游戏中不公平玩法的行为反应相关。因此，这些结果为法律理论和道德心理学提供了见解。(C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd版权所有。
Repeat offenders are commonly given more severe sentences than first-time offenders for the same violations. Though this practice makes intuitive sense, the theory behind escalating penalties is disputed in both legal and economic theories. Here we investigate folk intuitions concerning the moral and intentional status of actions performed by people with positive versus negative prior records. We hypothesized that prior record Would modulate both moral judgment and mental state reasoning. Subjects first engaged in an economic game with fair (positive prior record) and unfair (negative prior record) competitors and then read descriptions of their competitors' actions that resulted in either positive or negative outcomes. The descriptions left the competitors' mental states unstated. We found that subjects judged actions producing negative Outcomes as more "intentional" and more "blameworthy" when performed by unfair competitors. Although explicit mental state evaluation was not required, moral judgments in this case were accompanied by increased activation in brain regions associated with mental state reasoning, Including predominantly the right temporo-parietal-junction (RTPJ). The magnitude of RTPJ activation was correlated with individual subjects' behavioural responses to Unfair play in the game. These results thus provide insight for both legal theory and moral psychology. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.