Contribution of human hippocampal region to novelty detection
Contribution of human hippocampal region to novelty detection
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DOI：
10.1038/383256a0
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发表时间：
1996-09-19
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Knight, RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knight, RT
对意想不到的刺激作出反应的能力（“定向反应”）是哺乳动物行为的一个基本特征(1)，但是检测新奇的大脑机制仍然没有明确的定义。头皮和颅内事件相关电位（ERPs）的电生理记录表明，新的刺激激活了一个涉及前额叶和后部关联皮层的分布式网络（2-6）。此外，ERP（7,8）和单神经元（9,10）记录，以及神经成像（11）和建模（12）研究表明，包括海马体在内的颞皮质区域也参与其中。为了进一步研究内侧颞叶在新颖性加工中的作用，我测量了海马后部受损患者对新颖性听觉和触觉刺激的生理反应。在正常对照受试者中，意想不到的新刺激产生特征性的ERP信号，伴随着皮肤的自主反应。海马病变患者的这两种反应都减少，而对预期控制刺激的反应则不受影响。因此，海马体区域除了在记忆形成中已知的作用外，还是分布式边缘皮层网络的重要组成部分，该网络检测并响应新的刺激。
THE ability to respond to unexpected stimuli (the 'orienting response') is a fundamental characteristic of mammalian behaviour(1), but the brain mechanisms by which novelty is detected remain poorly defined. Electrophysiological recordings of scalp and intracranial event-related potentials (ERPs) have shown that novel stimuli activate a distributed network involving prefrontal and posterior association cortex(2-6). In addition, ERP(7,8) and single-neuron(9,10) recordings, as well as neuroimaging(11) and modelling(12) studies, have suggested that temporal cortical regions, including the hippocampus, are also involved. To examine further the role of the medial temporal lobe in novelty processing, I measured physiological responses to novel auditory and tactile stimuli in patients with damage to the posterior hippocampal region. In normal control subjects, unexpected novel stimuli produce a characteristic ERP signal, accompanied by an autonomic skin response. Both responses are reduced in hippocampal lesion patients, whereas the response to expected control stimuli is unaffected. Thus the hippocampal region, in addition to its known role in memory formation, is an essential component of the distributed limbic-cortical network that detects and responds to novel stimuli.