Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism
Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism
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DOI：
10.1002/tcr.20056
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Sakai, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yurimoto, H;Kato, N;Sakai, Y
甲醇是一种有价值的原料，用于制造有用的化学品，也是替代煤和石油的潜在能源。微生物利用甲醇的生物技术兴趣增加了，因为它是一种理想的碳源，可以从可再生生物质中生产。甲醛是一种细胞毒性化合物，是甲醇代谢的中心代谢中间体。因此，利用甲醇的微生物采取了多种代谢策略来应对甲醛的毒性。甲醛最初是通过一些辅助因子，如谷胱甘肽、真菌硫醇、四氢叶酸和再氢甲烷蝶呤捕获来解毒的，然后被氧化成二氧化碳。或者，游离甲醛可以被磷酸糖捕获，作为Q同化途径的第一个反应：酵母的单磷酸木糖途径和细菌的单磷酸核酮糖（RuMP）途径。在酵母中，虽然甲醛的产生和消耗发生在过氧化物酶体中，但胞质甲醛氧化途径也在甲醛解毒和能量形成中发挥作用。RuMP途径的关键酶存在于多种微生物中，包括细菌和古细菌。编码这些酶的基因及其催化机制的调控取决于这些生物在进化过程中的生理特性。(c) 2005日本化学期刊论坛和Wiley期刊公司。
Methanol is a valuable raw material used in the manufacture of useful chemicals as well as a potential source of energy to replace coal and petroleum. Biotechnological interest in the microbial utilization of methanol has increased because it is an ideal carbon source and can be produced from renewable biomass. Formaldehyde, a cytotoxic compound, is a central metabolic intermediate in methanol metabolism. Therefore, microorganisms utilizing methanol have adopted several metabolic strategies to cope with the toxicity of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is initially detoxified through trapping by some cofactors, such as glutathione, mycothiol, tetrahydrofolate, and retrahy-dromethanopterin, before being oxidized to CO2 Alternatively, free formaldehyde can be trapped by sugar phosphates as the first reaction in the Q assimilation pathways: the xylulose monophosphate pathway for yeasts and the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway for bacteria. In yeasts, although formaldehyde generation and consumption takes place in the peroxisome, the cytosolic formaldehyde oxidation pathway also plays a role in formaldehyde detoxification as well as energy formation. The key enzymes of the RuMP pathway are found in a variety of microorganisms including bacteria and archaea. Regulation of the genes encoding these enzymes and their catalytic mechanisms depend on the physiological traits of these organisms during evolution. (c) 2005 The Japan Chemical journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.