Flowering and lodging, physiological-based traits affecting cane and sugar yield - What do we know of their control mechanisms and how do we manage them?
Flowering and lodging, physiological-based traits affecting cane and sugar yield - What do we know of their control mechanisms and how do we manage them?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.015
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发表时间：
2005-06-14
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Hurney, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berding, N;Hurney, AP
了解甘蔗的开花和倒伏，或作物直立性的损失，对于制定选择策略以减少其在商业生产系统中的影响和育种计划中的开花至关重要。在澳大利亚热带东北海岸进行的实验，确立了开花和倒伏的经济重要性，并提供了对其控制机制的见解。开花对产量的影响是使用光照和不光照的夜间制度来确定的。光周期在热带低纬度和中纬度（2度与17度）进行了对比，其对开花的影响。开花对甘蔗产量、含糖率和产糖量的损失分别为6.8%、3.0%和9.4%。后者相当于BSES有限公司的热带计划中使用的免费，早季开花的惩罚。次优的光周期是主要负责穷人和变量开花位于赤道附近的程序，这可能是混淆与白天的高温。研究了六种水分状态对颗粒形成和发展的影响。水分制度没有不同的作物开花，但作物之间的差异（29.4%对0.8%开花秸秆）正好与厄尔尼诺事件和高温的宿根作物，证明足够的土壤水分是不是一个充分的条件开花。七个早季表型植物描述符和两个结构茎性状进行了评估，作为收获直立的预测。锤度，商业蔗糖（CCS），和纤维直立和提出的秸秆进行了测定，以评估倒伏之前和收获季节内的影响。研究了品种与种植深度和堆土对直立性的互作效应。所有的表型性状，除了茎高，和两个结构茎性状相关性较差，在收获时与植株直立。回归分析表明，叶宽，植株顶部长度，茎数是显着的预测作物直立在收获时，但其实际相关性尚不清楚。季前损失的直立性和秸秆条件（健全或不健全），导致12%和8%的CCS损失，分别为24%的损失。直立和倒伏茎CCS增加的季节。7月（18%和23%的直立茎，在两种作物）之间的显着差异下降到9月（10%和11%）。增加锚定深度的效果接近显著性，表明可以通过适当的栽培措施来提高作物的直立性。对开花的选择非常成功，在经济上是合理的。不良开花限制可实现的遗传重组，但管理光周期制度，结合管理的关键环境变量，阐明了这一点。由于住宿造成的CCS损失在经济上是至关重要的。通过理想型选择实现作物直立性是可以实现的，但事实证明，将早季地上性状作为预测变量的开发是难以捉摸的。(c)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Understanding flowering and lodging, or loss of crop erectness, in sugarcane is crucial for development of selection strategies to reduce their impact in commercial production systems and for flowering in breeding programs. Experiments conducted on Australia's tropical northeast coast, established the economic importance of flowering and lodging and provided insights into their control mechanisms. The effect of flowering on yield was determined using lit and unlit night regimes. Photoperiods at low and intermediate tropical latitudes (2 degrees versus 17 degrees) were contrasted for their effect on flowering. Losses for cane yield, sugar content, and sugar yield from flowering were 6.8, 3.0, and 9.4%, respectively. The latter equated to the penalty used in BSES Limited's tropical program for free, early season flowering. Sub-optimal photoperiod is largely responsible for poor and variable flowering in programs located close to the equator, and this may be confounded with high day temperature. The effect of six moisture regimes on particle initiation and development was studied. Moisture regimes did not differ for flowering within crops, but differences between crops (29.4% versus 0.8% flowered stalks) coincided with an El Nino event and high temperatures in the ratoon crop, proving adequate soil moisture is not a sufficient condition for flowering. Seven early season phenotypic plant descriptors and two structural stalk traits were assessed as predictors of harvest erectness. Brix, commercial cane sugar (CCS), and fibre of erect and lodged stalks were determined to assess the impact of lodging prior to and within the harvest season. The interactions of the effects of cultivars with planting depth and mounding on erectness were examined. All phenotypic traits, except stalk height, and two structural stalk traits correlated poorly with plant erectness at harvest. Regression analyses revealed leaf width, plant top length, and stalk number were significant predictors of crop erectness at harvest, but their practical relevance is unclear. Pre-season loss of erectness and stalk condition (sound or unsound), resulted in a 12 and 8% loss of CCS, respectively, and a 24% loss combined. Erect- and lodged-stalk CCS increased during the season. The marked differential between classes in July (18 and 23% of erect stalks, in two crops) decreased by September (10 and 11%). The effect of increasing depth of anchorage approached significance suggesting crop erectness can be enhanced using appropriate cultural practices. Selection against flowering has been very successful and is justifiable economically. Poor flowering constrains achievable genetic recombination, but managed photoperiod regimes, combined with management of key environmental variables, alleviates this. Loss of CCS due to lodging is economically critical. Crop erectness via ideotype selection is achievable, but development of early season, aboveground traits as predictive variables has proven elusive. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.