Valuing the dead: death, burial, and the body in Second World War Britain

Valuing the dead: death, burial, and the body in Second World War Britain
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重视死者:第二次世界大战期间英国的死亡、埋葬和尸体

DOI:
10.1080/23337486.2019.1663683
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Noakes L
Noakes L
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--
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作者:
Noakes L

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在她的作品《痛苦中的身体》中,伊莱恩·斯卡利讨论了她所说的人类身体在死亡中的参照不稳定性。她认为,战争死难者有一种特殊的、特定于历史的不稳定性,因为他们的遗体可能对他们的国家具有巨大的情感价值,但也可能被争夺和争议;这是国家、家庭和敌人相互竞争的主张的主题。在第二次世界大战中,英国战死的战斗人员的身体,长期以来一直是国家监管和家庭成员悲痛的主题,与死亡的平民的身体放在一起。本文探讨了英国政府试图规范处理平民和战斗人员身体的方式,这种方式赋予了自第一次世界大战以来基本上成功地依附于战场死难者的荣誉感和牺牲感,赋予在新形式的战争--空中轰炸中丧生的平民身体--的荣誉感和牺牲。它与关于如何对待战斗人员死亡的讨论背道而驰,并研究了悲痛的表达,以及在平民和战斗人员的背景下对这些表达的监管,辩称,在“全面战争”中,国家努力确保平民和战斗人员身体的稳定。
In her work The Body in Pain Elaine Scarry discusses what she has termed ‘the referential instability‘ of the human body in death. The dead of war, she argues, have a particular, historically specific, instability, in that their bodies can be of immense emotional value to their nation, but can also be fought over and disputed; the subject of competing claims from nation, family and enemy. In Second World War Britain the bodies of dead combatants, for long the subject of state regulation and familial and comradely grief, were joined by the bodies of dead civilians. This article examines the ways in which the British state attempted to regulate the disposal of the bodies of both civilians and combatants in a manner which conferred the sense of honour and sacrifice, largely successfully attached to the dead of the battlefield since the First World War, to the bodies of civilians killed in the new form of warfare, aerial bombardment. It sets this against a discussion of the treatment of the combatant dead and examines expressions of grief, and the regulation of these in both civilian and combatant contexts, arguing that in ’total war’ the state struggled to ensure the stability of both the civilian and combatant corpse.
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