Sexual behaviour of a Masu salmon parr, with implications for the evolution of parr sexual behaviour in the salmonines
Sexual behaviour of a Masu salmon parr, with implications for the evolution of parr sexual behaviour in the salmonines
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马苏鲑鱼帕尔的性行为，对鲑科鲑鱼帕尔性行为进化的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00455.x
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
M. Kawahara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Esteve;D. A. Mclennan;M. Kawahara
鲑属硬骨鱼的一个亚科，最少有六个属（Brachymystax、Hucho、Parahucho、Salvelinus、萨尔莫及Oncorhynchus），自然分布于北方半球的寒温带沃茨。许多种类的萨尔莫、红点鲑和虹鳟都有早熟的幼鱼，能够与成年雌鱼一起产卵（Fleming 1998及其参考文献）。它们建立了一个优势等级，在这个等级中，体型较大的幼犬在redd中占据最好的位置，尽可能靠近巢穴（例如，1997; Koseki & Maekawa 2000）。在产卵时，优势幼鱼，偶尔也有次优势幼鱼，躲在巢穴周围的避难所里（Esteve 2005），在产卵对旁边或之间飞来并释放精液。这些雄性的生殖贡献是不小的，在一些大西洋鲑鱼种群中，40-60%的卵是由幼鱼受精的。（Garant等人，2001年;Garci 'a-Va' zquezet等人，2001年;到目前为止，只有一篇论文描述了幼鱼在产卵期间的实际行为。琼斯和金（1952年）报道说，（萨尔莫萨拉尔）帕尔在释放精液时张大嘴巴，身体颤抖，这种方式与成年雄性非常相似。张着嘴和颤抖是鲑鱼Parr行为的一部分，还是只有S。salar？50多年来，这个问题一直没有得到解答。在2007年，我们使用索尼TRV 900彩色数字录像机拍摄了日本北海道北部三如河的鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus masou）的产卵行为，该录像机安装在水下房屋内，可远程操作（有关研究的详细信息，请参见Esteve等人，2009年）。我们记录了一个产卵期，在这个产卵期，（长约50-60厘米），成年雄性（70-80厘米）求爱和保护她和一个parr（12-14 cm）被捕获到胶片上（支持信息视频剪辑S1）。帕尔被记录下来，这是一种典型的雄性鲑鱼求偶行为，包括高频率和短幅度的身体振动，它们的身体相互平行，指向雌性。在产卵前46、39和35分钟记录了三次颤抖。这三种抖动都遵循一种相似的模式：幼鸽在砾石上方约10-15厘米、距雌鸽侧边约20厘米的位置盘旋，然后向雌鸽下降。他一接触到她的身体，就开始抚摸她的身体，并沿着她的身体向下移动到肛门。在这一点上，他开始加速向上移动，同时部分张着嘴。每一次重复的情节持续大约一秒钟。产卵活动发生在当地时间17：14。当时，这只雌鹦鹉正被一只成年雄鹦鹉在她的左侧献殷勤并守护着，而这只幼犬则在她的右侧，距离她大约15厘米。在母鹦鹉产卵前7秒，这只小鹦鹉冲过来，赶走了另一只位于巢下游一米处的小鹦鹉。两秒钟后，他又回到了原来的位置。五秒钟后，雌性开始产卵，她的尾鳍压在砾石上，尾巴向上抬起，她的下巴张得大大的，她的眼睛盯着他的眼睛。
The salmonines are a subfamily of teleost fishcontaining at least six genera (Brachymystax, Hucho,Parahucho, Salvelinus, Salmo and Oncorhynchus) thatare naturally distributed in the cold temperate waters ofthe Northern hemisphere. Many species of Salmo,Salvelinus and Oncorhynchus have parr that matureprecociously and are able to spawn with adult females(Fleming1998andreferences therein).Parr congregatearound nesting females when the spawning seasonstarts. They establish a dominance hierarchy, in whichlarger parr hold the best positions within the redd,edging in as close to the nest as possible (e.g., Thomazet al. 1997; Koseki & Maekawa 2000). At the momentof spawning, dominant parr, and occasionally sub-dominant ones sheltering in refuges around the nest(Esteve 2005), dart beside or between the spawningpair and release milt. The reproductive contribution ofsuch males is not trivial, 40–60% eggs are fertilised byparr in some Atlantic salmon populations(Garant et al.2001;Garci´a-Va´zquezet al.2001;Taggartet al.2001).To date, there is only one paper describing theactual behaviour a parr performs during spawning.Jones & King (1952) reported that an Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar) parr gaped his mouth and trembled hisbody during milt release in a manner very similar tothat shown by adult males. Are gaping and tremblingpart of the salmonine parr behavioural repertoire or arethey unique to S. salar? For over 50 years, thisquestion has remained unanswered. In 2007, wevideotaped the spawning behaviour of masu salmon(Oncorhynchus masou) in the Sanru River, northernHokkaido, Japan using a Sony TRV 900 colour digitalvideo mounted inside an underwater housing, operatedremotely (for details of the study see Esteve et al.2009). We recorded a spawning episode in which thebehaviours of the nesting female (approximately 50–60 cm in length), the adult male (70–80 cm) courtingand guarding her and a parr (12–14 cm) were capturedon film (supporting information Video Clip S1).The parr was recorded quivering, a typical salmo-nine male courtship behaviour consisting of highfrequency and short amplitude body vibrationsdirected towards the female while their bodies areparallel to each other. Quivering was recorded on threeoccasions (46, 39 and 35 min before the spawningact). All three quiverings followed a similar pattern:the parr, hovering in a position approximately 10–15 cm above the gravel and about 20 cm to the side ofthe female, descended towards the female. Once hecontacted her side, he began quivering and moveddown her body to the anal fin. At this point, he beganan accelerated movement upwards while partiallygaping his mouth. Each quivering episode lasted forabout one second. The spawning act occurred at 17:14(local time). At that time, the female was being courtedand guarded by an adult male located on her left side.The parr was located on her right approximately15 cm away. Seven seconds before the female initiatedspawning, the parr charged and chased away anotherparr located one metre downstream from the nest. Twoseconds later, he was back in his original position.Five seconds later, the female initiated spawning bylying on the nest with her anal fin pressed into thegravel, her tail raised upwards, her jaws agape and her
副交感神经系统调节的鲑鱼配子释放过程中心脏骤停
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
PLoS ONE 4(6)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Yuya Makiguchi;Shinya Nagata;Takahito Kojima;Masaki Ichimura;Yoshifumi Konno;Hideki Murata;Hiroshi Ueda
通讯作者：
Hiroshi Ueda