Underutilized strategies in traffic safety: Results of a nationally representative survey
Underutilized strategies in traffic safety: Results of a nationally representative survey
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2019.1654605
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发表时间：
2019-09-23
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Fell, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fell, James
目标：许多被证明可以有效减少车祸死亡人数的策略在美国却没有得到充分利用，其中包括清醒检查站；自动执行；降低血液酒精浓度（BAC）限值；主要执行安全带和摩托车头盔使用法；酒精点火联锁装置；毒驾筛查；降低住宅区速度限制；和环形交叉口装置。如果这些策略在每个州广泛实施，交通死亡人数可减少至少 50%。实施的一个障碍是官员认为公众反对他们。这项研究的目的是确定这些未充分利用的措施中哪些对美国公众有利，因为他们接受过对其有效性研究的教育。方法：2018 年 10 月，使用国家民意研究中心 (NORC) AmeriSpeak (R) 调查工具对 2,000 名美国司机进行了一项代表性调查，针对这些未充分利用的策略提出了 30 个问题。我们的目标是在公众了解这些策略的有效性研究后评估他们对这些策略的看法。结果：受访者获得了有关这些策略有效性的研究摘要，然后询问他们是否在自己的社区中支持这些策略； 64.7%的受访者赞成至少每月进行一次清醒检查； 68.2% 的人支持警察在清醒检查站使用被动酒精传感器； 60.3%的受访者赞成使用超速摄像头和闯红灯摄像头进行自动执法； 70.1%的人赞成一项法律，要求所有汽车都配备安全带提醒器，该提醒器会持续发出声音，直到扣好安全带为止，包括后座乘客； 62.5% 的人赞成将他们所在州不使用安全带的罚款从 25 美元提高到 100 美元。其他结果表明公众支持这些策略。结论：结果表明，当美国的驾驶员了解有关减少车祸死亡人数的某些策略的事实时，大多数人都赞成未充分利用的策略。这些信息对于立法者和公路安全官员决定实施这些策略可能有用。
Objective: Numerous strategies proven to be effective in reducing crash fatalities have been underutilized in the United States, including sobriety checkpoints; automated enforcement; lower blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits; primary enforcement of safety belt and motorcycle helmet use laws; alcohol ignition interlock installations; drugged driving screening; lowered residential speed limits; and roundabout installations. If these strategies are implemented widely in every state, traffic fatalities could be reduced by at least 50%. A barrier to implementation is the perception by officials that the public is against them. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these underutilized measures would be favorable to the American public given that they are educated on the research of their effectiveness. Methods: A representative survey of 2,000 U.S. drivers was conducted in October 2018 with 30 questions about these underutilized strategies using the National Opinion Research Center's (NORC) AmeriSpeak (R) survey instrument. Our objective was to gauge the public's opinion of these strategies when they are aware of the research on their effectiveness. Results: Respondents were given a summary of the research on the effectiveness of these strategies and then asked whether they were in favor of them in their communities; 64.7% of the respondents were in favor of conducting sobriety checkpoints at least monthly; 68.2% were in favor of police using passive alcohol sensors at sobriety checkpoints; 60.3% of respondents were in favor of using speed and red light cameras for automated enforcement; 70.1% were in favor of a law that required all cars to have seat belt reminders that continuously chime until the seat belt is buckled, including for rear seat passengers; and 62.5% were in favor of raising the fine in their state for not using a seat belt from $25 to $100. Other results indicated public support for these strategies. Conclusions: The results indicate that when drivers in the United States are given facts about certain strategies to reduce crash fatalities, the majority are in favor of the underutilized strategies. This information could be useful to legislators and highway safety officials in their decisions to implement these strategies.