Winter Habitat Quality, Population Limitation, and Conservation of Neotropical‐Nearctic Migrant Birds
Winter Habitat Quality, Population Limitation, and Conservation of Neotropical‐Nearctic Migrant Birds
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新热带-近北极候鸟的冬季栖息地质量、种群限制和保护
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发表时间：
1996
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Holmes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Sherry;R. Holmes
最近在新热带-新北迁徙鸣禽种群的下降往往是由于在非繁殖季节的事件，如热带栖息地转换和干旱。然而，在大多数物种中，支持这一假设的主要是轶事或理论。关于新热带冬季迁徙者的人口统计资料非常缺乏。需要这些数据来确定影响生存、扩散的具体生态因素，并最终确定在区域空间尺度上多个生境聚集的种群丰度。在本文中，我们回顾了几条证据线，强调我们的研究结果paruline莺在牙买加，这表明，移民雀经常竞争在冬季的首选质量栖息地，他们的人口可能会受到限制，至少部分在冬季的生态条件。迁徙雀形目鸟类的种群统计学和生态学证据包括：（1）栖息地之间密度的差异，表明栖息地适宜性的差异;（2）强烈的领地性、地点依附性和地点忠诚度;（3）栖息地饱和度的实验证明;（4）栖息地之间性别和年龄组的非随机分布;（5）占据干旱胁迫最严重的生境的个体的越冬体重下降;（6）不同生境之间的停留时间不同，表明生存或扩散的差异。我们回顾这些人口模式的生态和行为解释，并根据我们对当地人口情况如何影响更广泛的人口过程的理解提出保护建议。
Recent declines in Neotropical-Nearctic migrant songbird populations are often attributed to events during the nonbreeding season, such as tropical habitat conversion and drought. Support for this hypothesis in most species, however, is largely anecdotal or conjectural. There is a dearth of demographic information about migrants on their Neotropical winter grounds. Such data are needed to identify specific ecological factors influencing survival, dispersal, and, ultimately, population abundances aggregated over multiple habitats at regional spatial scales. In this paper, we review several lines of evidence, emphasizing results of our research on paruline warblers in Jamaica, which indicate that migrant passerines often compete intraspecifically in winter for preferred quality habitats and that their populations may be limited at least in part by ecological conditions in winter. The demographic and ecological evidence supporting this hypothesis for migrant passerines includes : (1) differing densities among habitats, suggesting variation in habitat suitability ; (2) strong territoriality, site attachment, and site fidelity ; (3) experimental demonstrations of habitat saturation ; (4) nonrandom distributions of sex and age classes among habitats ; (5) overwinter decline of body mass by individuals occupying the most drought-stressed habitats ; and (6) different residence times among habitats, suggesting differences in survival or dispersal. We review ecological and behavioral explanations for these demographic patterns, and make conservation recommendations based on our understanding of how local demographic circumstances affect broader scale population processes.