Different experimental approaches in modelling cataractogenesis: An overview of selenite-induced nuclear cataract in rats.
Different experimental approaches in modelling cataractogenesis: An overview of selenite-induced nuclear cataract in rats.
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DOI：
10.2478/v10102-010-0005-3
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kyselova Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kyselova Z
白内障是眼透镜的混浊，是世界范围内致盲的主要原因。目前，唯一的补救办法是手术摘除白内障透镜，并用合成聚合物制成的透镜替代。然而，除了手术的巨大成本和可能的并发症之外，人工透镜不具有正常透镜的整体光学质量。因此，它仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题，并且高度需要将保持透镜的透明度的生化溶液或药物干预。自然，对合适的生物模型存在持续的需求。眼透镜缺乏血管和神经，是维持培养条件的理想器官。体内的透镜通过与周围液体的扩散获得其营养并消除废物。通过向培养基中加入白内障发生剂亚硒酸钠（Na2SeO3），可以在体外模拟体内观察到的透镜混浊。此外，由于过量的亚硒酸钠也可诱导幼年大鼠的白内障，因此它成为一种非常快速和方便的核性白内障体内模型。本综述的主要重点是硒（Se）及其盐亚硒酸钠、其毒理学特征以及在体内或体外条件下与白内障发生建模相关的安全性数据。重点介绍了亚硒酸钠诱导透镜混浊的机制，列举了具有代表性的抗白内障药物筛选研究。
Cataract, the opacification of eye lens, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. At present, the only remedy is surgical removal of the cataractous lens and substitution with a lens made of synthetic polymers. However, besides significant costs of operation and possible complications, an artificial lens just does not have the overall optical qualities of a normal one. Hence it remains a significant public health problem, and biochemical solutions or pharmacological interventions that will maintain the transparency of the lens are highly required. Naturally, there is a persistent demand for suitable biological models. The ocular lens would appear to be an ideal organ for maintaining culture conditions because of lacking blood vessels and nerves. The lens in vivo obtains its nutrients and eliminates waste products via diffusion with the surrounding fluids. Lens opacification observed in vivo can be mimicked in vitro by addition of the cataractogenic agent sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to the culture medium. Moreover, since an overdose of sodium selenite induces also cataract in young rats, it became an extremely rapid and convenient model of nuclear cataract in vivo. The main focus of this review will be on selenium (Se) and its salt sodium selenite, their toxicological characteristics and safety data in relevance of modelling cataractogenesis, either under in vivo or in vitro conditions. The studies revealing the mechanisms of lens opacification induced by selenite are highlighted, the representatives from screening for potential anti-cataract agents are listed.