Evidence for a maximum "shelf-life" of oocytes in mammals suggests that human menopause may be an implication of meiotic arrest
Evidence for a maximum "shelf-life" of oocytes in mammals suggests that human menopause may be an implication of meiotic arrest
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-32502-2
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发表时间：
2018-09-20
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Fieder, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huber, Susanne;Fieder, Martin
为什么人类更年期这样的特征应该进化出来，这是一个持续的争论。适应性解释解释更年期与停止生殖的健身效益，而非适应性解释认为这是一个附带现象。在这里，我们提出的数据支持非适应性解释绝经期的卵母细胞的最大保质期。通过分析49种哺乳动物的寿命与生殖衰老年龄之间的关系，我们发现，在长寿物种中，正相关性趋于稳定，这表明生殖衰老的年龄有一个上限。只有须鲸似乎没有生殖衰老的证据。我们认为，除了须鲸，在长寿的物种生殖衰老的限制可能是由于长期的时间卵母细胞保持不活跃的减数分裂的逮捕阶段，从他们在子宫内生产，直到排卵的生理约束。因此，我们的结论是，绝经可能是一个长期的减数分裂停滞所造成的semelgametogenesis与长寿命的含义。
There is an ongoing debate why a trait like human menopause should have evolved. Adaptive explanations explain menopause with fitness benefits of ceasing reproduction, whereas non-adaptive explanations view it as an epiphenomenon. Here we present data in support of non-adaptive explanations of menopause suggesting a maximum shelf-life of oocytes. By analyzing the association between lifespan and age at reproductive senescence across 49 mammal species, we find that the positive association levels off in long lived species, indicating that the age at reproductive senescence has an upper limit. Only in baleen whales there seems to be no evidence for reproductive senescence. We suggest that apart from the baleen whales, the confinement of reproductive senescence in long-lived species may be the result of physiological constraints imposed by the long period of time oocytes remain inactive in an arrested phase of meiosis from their production in utero until ovulation. We therefore conclude that menopause may be an implication of the long duration of meiotic arrest caused by semelgametogenesis together with long lifespan.