EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTION ON ACQUISITION AND EXTINCTION OF ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSES TO FEAR-RELEVANT STIMULI
EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTION ON ACQUISITION AND EXTINCTION OF ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSES TO FEAR-RELEVANT STIMULI
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.3.5.608
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
OHMAN, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUGDAHL, K;OHMAN, A
研究了这样一种假设，即对恐惧相关刺激产生条件的皮肤电反应对口头指令不敏感。实验一以56名大学生为被试，采用以电击为非条件性刺激的长刺激间期差异范式，分别对恐惧相关和恐惧无关的控制刺激进行条件化处理。然后，一半的党卫军被告知，不会再出现电击，随后进行了一些灭绝试验。该指令完全取消了对与恐惧无关的刺激的反应，而对与恐惧相关的刺激的反应不受影响。在实验2中，30名受试者通过一项包含电击威胁的指令，对恐惧相关或无关的刺激进行“条件化”。这种操作大大增强了对恐惧相关刺激的反应，而不是对恐惧无关刺激的反应。因此，教学对恐惧无关刺激的习得和消退具有对称的影响，而它促进了习得，但不能有效地减少对另一类刺激的反应。结果与准备理论有关，并讨论了它们与理解恐惧症的相关性。(参考文献23)(心理信息数据库记录(C)2016 APA，保留所有权利)
Examined the hypothesis that electrodermal responses conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli are insensitive to verbal instructions. In Exp I, with 56 university students, different groups of Ss were conditioned to fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant control stimuli in a long interstimulus interval differential paradigm with shock as the unconditioned stimulus. Then half of the Ss were informed that no more shocks would be presented, and a number of extinction trials followed. The instruction completely abolished responding to fear-irrelevant stimuli, while leaving responses to the fear-relevant stimuli unaffected. In Exp II, 30 Ss were" conditioned" to fear-relevant or irrelevant stimuli by an instruction involving threat of shock. This manipulation potentiated responses to fear-relevant stimuli significantly more than responses to fear-irrelevant stimuli. Thus, instruction had a symmetrical effect on acquisition and extinction to fear-irrelevant stimuli, whereas it facilitated acquisition but was ineffective in reducing responding to the other class of stimuli. Results are related to a preparedness theory, and their relevance for an understanding of phobias is discussed.(23 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)